The Book of Wills

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   1- حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ الْكَلْبِيِّ ابْنِ أُخْتِ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مَنْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ وَصِيَّتَهُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ كَانَ نَقْصاً فِي مُرُوءَتِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَكَيْفَ يُوصِي الْمَيِّتُ قَالَ إِذَا حَضَرَتْهُ وَفَاتُهُ وَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ اللهُمَّ فَاطِرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ الرَّحْمَنَ الرَّحِيمَ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْهَدُ إِلَيْكَ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنْتَ وَحْدَكَ لا شَرِيكَ لَكَ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ وَأَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّ النَّارَ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّ الْبَعْثَ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّ الْحِسَابَ حَقٌّ وَالْقَدَرَ وَالْمِيزَانَ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّ الدِّينَ كَمَا وَصَفْتَ وَأَنَّ الإسْلامَ كَمَا شَرَعْتَ وَأَنَّ الْقَوْلَ كَمَا حَدَّثْتَ وَأَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ كَمَا أَنْزَلْتَ وَأَنَّكَ أَنْتَ اللهُ الْحَقُّ الْمُبِينُ جَزَى اللهُ مُحَمَّداً (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) خَيْرَ الْجَزَاءِ وَحَيَّا اللهُ مُحَمَّداً وَآلَ مُحَمَّدٍ بِالسَّلامِ اللهُمَّ يَا عُدَّتِي عِنْدَ كُرْبَتِي وَيَا صَاحِبِي عِنْدَ شِدَّتِي وَيَا وَلِيَّ نِعْمَتِي إِلَهِي وَإِلَهَ آبَائِي لا تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ أَبَداً فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ أَقْرُبْ مِنَ الشَّرِّ وَأَبْعُدْ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ فَ‏آنِسْ فِي الْقَبْرِ وَحْشَتِي وَاجْعَلْ لِي عَهْداً يَوْمَ أَلْقَاكَ مَنْشُوراً ثُمَّ يُوصِي بِحَاجَتِهِ وَتَصْدِيقُ هَذِهِ الْوَصِيَّةِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ فِي السُّورَةِ الَّتِي يَذْكُرُ فِيهَا مَرْيَمَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفاعَةَ إِلا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمنِ عَهْداً فَهَذَا عَهْدُ الْمَيِّتِ وَ الْوَصِيَّةُ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَحْفَظَ هَذِهِ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَيُعَلِّمَهَا وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَلَّمَنِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَلَّمَنِيهَا جَبْرَئِيلُ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام).

   1. Narrated to us Ali ibn Ibrahim from Ali ibn Ishaq from al-Hassan ibn Hazim al-Kalbiy son of the sister of Hisham ibn Salim from Sulayman ibn Ja‘far who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ‘A person who does not make a proper will at the time of his death suffers from lack of kindness and proper understanding.’ It was then asked, ‘O messenger of Allah, what kind of will should a dying person make?’ The Messenger of Allah replied, ‘When one is about to die and people gather around him he should say: “O Allah, the Inventor of the heavens and earth, who has the knowledge of the unseen and the present matters, the Beneficent, the Merciful. O Allah, I entrust You, in this world, with my testimony, ‘I testify that no one beside You (O Allah), who is One and has no partners, deserve to be worshipped. I also testify that Muhammad is your servant and Messenger. I testify that Paradise is true, Hellfire is true, Resurrection is true, that Accountability of everyone, on the Day of Judgment, is true, and Measurement and Balance are true. I testify that Religion is as You have described, that Islam is as You have established and the Word is as You have spoken, that the Quran is as You have sent down and that You are Allah, the manifest truth. I pray to Allah to compensate Muhammad, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, with the best of compensations and welcome Muhammad and his family with the (promised) peace. O Allah, You are my means and resource at the time of my living in distress, and You are my companion at the time of my suffering hardships. You are the Benefactor of bounties I have enjoyed. You are my Lord and the Lord of my ancestors. Do not ever leave me to myself; not even for a blinking of an eye, for if You leave me to myself for a blinking of an eye, I become closer to wickedness and move away from goodness. Comfort me in the grave against my fear and make this an open covenant in my favor on the day when I will come into Your presence.’” Thereafter he should make his will about the matters that he may need. Such a will is based on the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, in the Chapter of the Holy Quran where Mary is mentioned. “No one will possess any intercession (Shafa‘ah) except those who have entrusted the Beneficent to bear witness to their testimony.’” “It is a right upon every Muslim to memorize this will and testimony and teach it. Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah taught me this will.’ The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘ Jibril taught me this will.’”

   • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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   2- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ صَبِيحٍ قَالَ صَحِبَنِي مَوْلًى لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يُقَالُ لَهُ أَعْيَنُ فَاشْتَكَى أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ بَرَأَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ فَأَخَذْتُ مَتَاعَهُ وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ فَأَتَيْتُ بِهِ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّهُ اشْتَكَى أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ بَرَأَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ تِلْكَ رَاحَةُ الْمَوْتِ أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَمُوتُ حَتَّى يَرُدَّ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ سَمْعِهِ وَبَصَرِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ لِلْوَصِيَّةِ أَخَذَ أَوْ تَرَكَ.

   2. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘afla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from af-Wafid ibn Sabih who has narrated the following: “Once a Mawla’ of abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, accompanied me (on a journey) and complained of illness for several days. Then it seemed as if he had no illness but very shortly, he died. I took his luggage to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and informed him (the Imam) that he complained for several days, then he seemed as if he had no illness at all, but shortly thereafter he died. He (the Imam) said, ‘That was the comfort of death. No one dies before, Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, returns his ears, eyes and reason for making a will, regardless of whether he makes use of that opportunity or not.’”

   • Daif (per the well-known view)· al-Majlisi
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   3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ إِنِّي خَرَجْتُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَصَحِبَنِي رَجُلٌ وَكَانَ زَمِيلِي فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ فِي بَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ مَرِضَ وَثَقُلَ ثِقْلا شَدِيداً فَكُنْتُ أَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ حَتَّى لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدِي بِهِ بَأْسٌ فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ أَفَاقَ فَمَاتَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مَا مِنْ مَيِّتٍ تَحْضُرُهُ الْوَفَاةُ إِلا رَدَّ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ سَمْعِهِ وَبَصَرِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ لِلْوَصِيَّةِ أَخَذَ الْوَصِيَّةَ أَوْ تَرَكَ وَهِيَ الرَّاحَةُ الَّتِي يُقَالُ لَهَا رَاحَةُ الْمَوْتِ فَهِيَ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ.

   3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has narrated the following: “Once, a man said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I once travelled to Makkah and my travel mate, who was a friend, on the way became ill very seriously and I looked after him. He began to feel very well and I thought he is fine. On the day that he died, he became extremely well but on the same day, he died.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘To anyone who is about to die, Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, returns his hearing, seeing and reasoning abilities so that he can make a will, regardless of whether he makes a will or not. It is the comfort that is called the comfort of death and that is the right of every Muslim.’”

   • Hasan· al-Majlisi
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   4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ فَقَالَ هِيَ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ.

   4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Muhammad ibn af-Fudayf from abu af-Sabbah af-Kinaniy who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the will. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a right on every Muslim.’”

   • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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   5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) الْوَصِيَّةُ حَقٌّ وَقَدْ أَوْصَى رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَيَنْبَغِي لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يُوصِيَ.

   5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from ibn Mahbub from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Making a will is a right that requires compliance. The Messenger of Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, made a will, thus it is proper for a Muslim to make a will.’”

   • Sahih· al-Majlisi
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   1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنانِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قُلْتُ مَا آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قَالَ هُمَا كَافِرَانِ قُلْتُ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ فَقَالَ مُسْلِمَانِ.

   1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Blessed, most High, ‘O believing people there must be two just (Muslim) witnesses when anyone of you is about to die or from other people.’ (5:106) I asked, ‘What is the meaning of ‘(there must be) two from other people?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It means two non-Muslims.’ I then asked about ‘two just ones from among yourselves’, he (the Imam) said, ‘it means two Muslims.’”

   • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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   2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ أَهْلِ مِلَّةٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِهِمْ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا لَمْ يُوجَدْ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِهِمْ جَازَتْ شَهَادَةُ غَيْرِهِمْ إِنَّهُ لا يَصْلُحُ ذَهَابُ حَقِّ أَحَدٍ.

   2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, if it is permissible for a person of the religion to appoint a witness who is not of the people of his religion. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible when witness from the people of his own religion is no available; destroying anyone’s right is not suitable.’”

   • Hasan· al-Majlisi
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   3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ فِي بَلَدٍ لَيْسَ فِيهِ مُسْلِمٌ جَازَتْ شَهَادَةُ مَنْ لَيْسَ بِمُسْلِمٍ عَلَى الْوَصِيَّةِ.

   3. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Fiisham ibn al-Hakam who has narrated the following: “About the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . and two people from others who are not of your people’ abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘This applies when he is in a place where Muslims are not available, then asking a non-Muslim to bear witness to a will is permissible.’”

   • Hasan, like Sahih· al-Majlisi
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   4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي شَهَادَةِ امْرَأَةٍ حَضَرَتْ رَجُلا يُوصِي لَيْسَ مَعَهَا رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يُجَازُ رُبُعُ مَا أَوْصَى بِحِسَابِ شَهَادَتِهَا.

   4. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Rib‘iy who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, if a woman’s bearing witness to the will of a man when no man is available is accepted. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is effective for one-fourth of what is willed according to her testimony.’”

   • Majhul, like Sahih· al-Majlisi
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    5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي وَصِيَّةٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا إِلا امْرَأَةٌ فَأَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي الرُّبُعِ مِنَ الْوَصِيَّةِ بِحِسَابِ شَهَادَتِهَا.

    5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban who has narrated the following: “In the case of a will for which there is no witness except a woman, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, accepted it (such witness) for one-fourth of the will according to her testimony.’”

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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    6- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنانِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قَالَ اللَّذَانِ مِنْكُمْ مُسْلِمَانِ وَاللَّذَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَمِنَ الْمَجُوسِ لأنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) سَنَّ فِي الْمَجُوسِ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فِي الْجِزْيَةِ وَذَلِكَ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فِي أَرْضِ غُرْبَةٍ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مُسْلِمَيْنِ أَشْهَدَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ يُحْبَسَانِ بَعْدَ الصَّلاةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لا نَشْتَرِي بِهِ ثَمَناً وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى وَلا نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ اللهِ إِنَّا إِذاً لَمِنَ الآثِمِينَ قَالَ وَذَلِكَ إِذَا ارْتَابَ وَلِيُّ الْمَيِّتِ فِي شَهَادَتِهِمَا فَإِنْ عَثَرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا شَهِدَا بِالْبَاطِلِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْقُضَ شَهَادَتَهُمَا حَتَّى يَجِي‏ءَ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ فَيَقُومَانِ مَقَامَ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ الأوَّلَيْنِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللهِ لَشَهَادَتُنَا أَحَقُّ مِنْ شَهَادَتِهِمَا وَمَا اعْتَدَيْنَا إِنَّا إِذاً لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ نَقَضَ شَهَادَةَ الأوَّلَيْنِ وَجَازَتْ شَهَادَةُ الآخَرَيْنِ يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ذلِكَ أَدْنى‏ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِالشَّهادَةِ عَلى‏ وَجْهِها أَوْ يَخافُوا أَنْ تُرَدَّ أَيْمانٌ بَعْدَ أَيْمانِهِمْ.

    6. Muhammad ibn Ahmad has narrated from ibn al-Salt from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from Yahya ibn Muhammad who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘O believing people there must be two just (Muslim) witnesses when anyone of you is about to die or from other people.’ (5:106) Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said that in this verse, “‘The two from you”, means two Muslims and “the two from others”, means the people of the book. If two people from the followers of the bible are not found then two Zoroastrians can bear witness. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, established a Sunnah about Zoroastrians like that for the people of the book in paying al-Jizyah (taxes). Thus, if one dies in loneliness in a strange land and cannot find two Muslims, he can appoint two men from the people of the book who are then kept in custody after Salat (prayer). They will take an oath on Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, saying that they do not sell their oath in exchange for a small price, even in favor of their relatives, that they do not hide the testimony for the sake of Allah; in so doing they will be committing sins.’ He (the Imam) said, ’This applies only when the heirs of the deceased doubt their testimony and it is found out that they have testified falsely. The heir cannot invalidate their testimony without presenting two witnesses who stand in place of the first two witnesses and take the oath on Allah that their testimony is more accurate than the testimony of the first two witnesses; if we transgress, we will be unjust. If this happens then the testimony of the first two becomes invalid and the testimony of the two later witnesses is admitted as valid. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, “This will help preserve a proper testimony. The witnesses will be afraid of the rejection of their own testimony by a second pair of witnesses. Have fear of Allah and listen (properly). Allah does not guide the evil doing people.” (5:108)”’

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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    7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ رِجَالِهِ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ خَرَجَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ وَابْنُ بَيْدِيٍّ وَابْنُ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَكَانَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ مُسْلِماً وَابْنُ بَيْدِيٍّ وَابْنُ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ نَصْرَانِيَّيْنِ وَكَانَ مَعَ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ خُرْجٌ لَهُ فِيهِ مَتَاعٌ وَآنِيَةٌ مَنْقُوشَةٌ بِالذَّهَبِ وَقِلادَةٌ أَخْرَجَهَا إِلَى بَعْضِ أَسْوَاقِ الْعَرَبِ لِلْبَيْعِ فَاعْتَلَّ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ عِلَّةً شَدِيدَةً فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ دَفَعَ مَا كَانَ مَعَهُ إِلَى ابْنِ بَيْدِيٍّ وَابْنِ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ وَأَمَرَهُمَا أَنْ يُوصِلاهُ إِلَى وَرَثَتِهِ فَقَدِمَا الْمَدِينَةَ وَقَدْ أَخَذَا مِنَ الْمَتَاعِ الآنِيَةَ وَالْقِلادَةَ وَأَوْصَلا سَائِرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى وَرَثَتِهِ فَافْتَقَدَ الْقَوْمُ الآنِيَةَ وَالْقِلادَةَ فَقَالَ أَهْلُ تَمِيمٍ لَهُمَا هَلْ مَرِضَ صَاحِبُنَا مَرَضاً طَوِيلا أَنْفَقَ فِيهِ نَفَقَةً كَثِيرَةً فَقَالا لا مَا مَرِضَ إِلا أَيَّاماً قَلائِلَ قَالُوا فَهَلْ سُرِقَ مِنْهُ شَيْ‏ءٌ فِي سَفَرِهِ هَذَا قَالا لا قَالُوا فَهَلِ اتَّجَرَ تِجَارَةً خَسِرَ فِيهَا قَالا لا قَالُوا فَقَدِ افْتَقَدْنَا أَفْضَلَ شَيْ‏ءٍ كَانَ مَعَهُ آنِيَةً مَنْقُوشَةً بِالذَّهَبِ مُكَلَّلَةً بِالْجَوْهَرِ وَقِلادَةً فَقَالا مَا دَفَعَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَدْ أَدَّيْنَاهُ إِلَيْكُمْ فَقَدَّمُوهُمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَأَوْجَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَلَيْهِمَا الْيَمِينَ فَحَلَفَا فَخَلَّى عَنْهُمَا ثُمَّ ظَهَرَتْ تِلْكَ الآنِيَةُ وَالْقِلادَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا فَجَاءَ أَوْلِيَاءُ تَمِيمٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ ظَهَرَ عَلَى ابْنِ بَيْدِيٍّ وَابْنِ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ مَا ادَّعَيْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِمَا فَانْتَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْحُكْمَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنانِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الأرْضِ فَأَطْلَقَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ شَهَادَةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ عَلَى الْوَصِيَّةِ فَقَطْ إِذَا كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ يَجِدِ الْمُسْلِمَيْنِ فَأَصابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةُ الْمَوْتِ تَحْبِسُونَهُما مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلاةِ فَيُقْسِمانِ بِاللهِ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لا نَشْتَرِي بِهِ ثَمَناً وَلَوْ كانَ ذا قُرْبى‏ وَلا نَكْتُمُ شَهادَةَ اللهِ إِنَّا إِذاً لَمِنَ الآثِمِينَ فَهَذِهِ الشَّهَادَةُ الأولَى الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَإِنْ عُثِرَ عَلى‏ أَنَّهُمَا اسْتَحَقَّا إِثْماً أَيْ أَنَّهُمَا حَلَفَا عَلَى كَذِبٍ فَ‏آخَرانِ يَقُومانِ مَقامَهُما يَعْنِي مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمُدَّعِي مِنَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الأوْلَيانِ فَيُقْسِمانِ بِاللهِ يَحْلِفَانِ بِاللهِ أَنَّهُمَا أَحَقُّ بِهَذِهِ الدَّعْوَى مِنْهُمَا وَأَنَّهُمَا قَدْ كَذَبَا فِيمَا حَلَفَا بِاللهِ لَشَهادَتُنا أَحَقُّ مِنْ شَهادَتِهِما وَمَا اعْتَدَيْنا إِنَّا إِذاً لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَوْلِيَاءَ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا بِاللهِ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ فَحَلَفُوا فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) الْقِلادَةَ وَالآنِيَةَ مِنِ ابْنِ بَيْدِيٍّ وَابْنِ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ وَرَدَّهُمَا إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ ذلِكَ أَدْنى‏ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِالشَّهادَةِ عَلى‏ وَجْهِها أَوْ يَخافُوا أَنْ تُرَدَّ أَيْمانٌ بَعْدَ أَيْمانِهِمْ.

    7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his people in a marfu‘ manner has said the following: “Tamim al-Dariy, ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya once left for a journey. Tamim al-Dariy was a Muslim but ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya were Christians and they were with Tamim al-Dariy who had certain assets and utensils, which were decorated with gold, and a necklace that he took for the Arab markets for sale. Tamim al-Dariy became ill severely and the time of his death came. He gave whatever he had to ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya and asked them to deliver it to his heirs. The two came to al-Madinah, delivered the other things but they had taken the utensils and the necklace. The heirs found the utensils missing; so the family of Tamim asked the two men, ’Did he (Tamim) remain ill for a long time and incurred a large amount of expenses?’ The two replied, ‘He remained ill only for few days.’ They then asked, ’Was anything stolen from him during his journey?’ The two replied, ‘No, nothing was stolen from him during his journey.’ They then asked, ‘Did he make any business deals that caused him losses?’ The two replied, ‘No, he did not make any such deals.’ They then said, ‘The most expensive things are missing like the utensils decorated with gold and gems and a necklace.’ The two said, ‘Whatever he gave to us we have given to you.’ They then took the two before the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and he (the Messenger of Allah) judged that the two must take an oath. The two took an oath and they were released but the utensils and necklace were seen with them. The heirs of Tamim went to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, saying, ‘O Messenger of Allah, our assets have been seen in the possession of ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya.’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, waited to hear from Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, a judgment in the case. Allah, most Blessed, most High, then revealed, ‘Believers, when death approaches any one of you, allow two just men from your own people (Muslims) or any two other men (people of the book), if incident of death befalls you on a journey, bear witness to the bequest. [Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, applied the testimony of the people of the book about the will when it is on a journey and Muslims are not found] If you have any doubts about their (others’) honesty, detain them and allow them take an oath after the prayer, each one of them saying, “I swear by Allah that my testimony is true. I am not selling the Truth for a paltry price even though the beneficiary would be one of my relatives. I do not hide the testimony which is the right of Allah, for then I will be one of the sinners.” (5:106)’ This is the testimony, which is sanctioned by the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause. Tf their honesty is challenged, [they took false oath], two others from the relatives of the deceased should swear in the same way and testify to the bequest saying, “We swear by Allah that our testimony is the more accurate one. We do not transgress in the matter lest we become unjust ones.” (5:107)’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, commanded the heirs of Tamim al-Dariy to take an oath according to His command. They took an oath and the Messenger of Allah took the utensils and the necklace from ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya and returned them to the heirs of Tamim al-Dariy. This is the least in presenting the testimony as it is for fear of another oath’s rejection of their oath thereafter.”

    • Marfu· al-Majlisi
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    1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنْ أَوْصَى رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ وَصِيَّتَهُ فَإِنْ أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ بِالْبَلَدِ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَبِلَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَقْبَلْ.

    1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Rib‘iy from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “If one makes a will and appoints a certain person as the executor of the will who is not present in town he cannot refuse to accept the appointment, but if he is town he has the choice to accept or refuse it.’”

    • Hasan· al-Majlisi
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    2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنْ فُضَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِذَا بُعِثَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ بَلَدٍ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ رَدُّهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي مِصْرٍ يُوجَدُ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ فَذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ.

    2. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated it from al-Fadf ibn Shadhan, from ibn abu ‘Umayr, from Rib‘iy, from Fudayl who has narrated the following: “It is about the case of a man who is appointed in a will as the executor a will. Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If the appointment is sent to him from another town he cannot refuse to accept the appointment, but if it is from the same town then it is up to him to accept or reject it.’”

    • Majhul, like Sahih· al-Majlisi
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    3- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَى أَخِيهِ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَصِيَّتَهُ لأنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ شَاهِداً فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا طَلَبَ غَيْرَهُ.

    3. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ’Amirah from Mansur ibn Hazim who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If a man makes a will in which he appoints his brother as the executor when he is absent, he cannot refuse the appointment for if he was present and refused, another person could have been appointed as the executor.’”

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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    4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ قَالَ إِذَا بُعِثَ بِهَا مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَيْهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ رَدُّهَا.

    4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from al-Qasim ibn al-Fudayl from Rib’iy from al-Fudayl who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who is appointed as the executor of the will abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, has said, ‘If the appointment is sent from one town to another town he cannot refuse to accept the appointment.’”

    • Hasan· al-Majlisi
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    5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي إِلَى رَجُلٍ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَيَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لا يَخْذُلْهُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْحَالِ.

    5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Flisham ibn Salim who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who is appointed as the executor in a will but he dislikes it, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He must not betray him in such condition.’”

    • Hasan· al-Majlisi
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    6- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) رَجُلٌ دَعَاهُ وَالِدُهُ إِلَى قَبُولِ وَصِيَّتِهِ هَلْ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ مِنْ قَبُولِ وَصِيَّتِهِ فَوَقَّعَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ.

    6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn al-Rayyan who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who asks his father to accept his appointment as the executor of his will; if he can refuse to accept the appointment. He (the Imam) signed the answer that said, ‘He cannot refuse.’”

    • Daif (per the well-known view)· al-Majlisi
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    1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ السَّابَاطِيِّ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ مَا دَامَ فِيهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ مِنَ الرُّوحِ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ.

    1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Tha’labah ibn Maymun from abu al-Hassan al-Sabady from ‘Ammar ibn Musa who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘The owner of the asset has a greater degree of rights in his assets as long as there is some spirit in him. He can do about it whatever he wants.”’

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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    2- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ الأزْدِيِّ وَالسَّرِيِّ جَمِيعاً عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ مَا دَامَ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ إِنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ كُلِّهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ لَهُ.

    2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan from Ali ibn Asbat from Tha‘labah from abu al-Hassan ‘Umar ibn Shaddad al-Azdiy and al-Sariy all from ‘Ammar ibn Musa who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A man is more rightful to his assets as long as there is the spirit in him and if he makes a will about all of it, it is permissible.’”

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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    3- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي السَّمَّالِ الأسَدِيِّ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ الْمَيِّتُ أَوْلَى بِمَالِهِ مَا دَامَ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ.

    3. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan from Ibrahim ibn abu Bakr al-Samal al-Asadiy from those who narrated to him who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One who is about to die is more rightful to his assets as long as he is alive.’”

    • Mursal· al-Majlisi
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    4- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَخِيهِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ أَوْصَى أَخُو رُومِيِّ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ لأبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ عَمْرٌو فَأَخْبَرَنِي رُومِيٌّ أَنَّهُ وَضَعَ الْوَصِيَّةَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَقَالَ هَذَا مَا أَوْصَى لَكَ بِهِ أَخِي وَجَعَلْتُ أَقْرَأُ عَلَيْهِ فَيَقُولُ لِي قِفْ وَيَقُولُ احْمِلْ كَذَا وَوَهَبْتُ لَكَ كَذَا حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ عَلَى الْوَصِيَّةِ فَنَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا إِنَّمَا أَخَذَ الثُّلُثَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَمَرْتَنِي أَنْ أَحْمِلَ إِلَيْكَ الثُّلُثَ وَوَهَبْتَ لِيَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَبِيعُهُ وَأَحْمِلُهُ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ لا عَلَى الْمَيْسُورِ عَلَيْكَ لا تَبِعْ شَيْئاً.

    4. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan from his brother, Ahmad ibn al-Hassan from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id who has narrated the following: “The brother of Romiy ibn ‘Umar made a will that said, ‘All of his assets must be given to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam . ’ ‘Amr has said that Romi narrated to me saying, ‘I placed the assets before abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and said, “This is what my brother has given to you in his will” and I began to read it for him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Wait; take this, I have given it to you as a gift and deliver that.’ I continued until the end of the will and found that he (the Imam) had taken only one-third. I then asked, ‘Have you commanded me to deliver to you one-third and keep two-thirds?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, that it is correct.’ I then asked, ‘Can I sell them and bring them to you?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, whenever possible for you do not sell anything.’”

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    5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْوَلَدُ أَيَسَعُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَالَهُ لِقَرَابَتِهِ قَالَ هُوَ مَالُهُ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ.

    5. Muhammad ibn Yahya and others has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Yahya ibn al-Mubarak from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Sama’ah who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has children; if he can assign his assets to his relatives. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are his assets, he can place it wherever he wants until death comes upon him.’”

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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    6- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَأَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ مُرَازِمٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي الرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي الشَّيْ‏ءَ مِنْ مَالِهِ فِي مَرَضِهِ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَبَانَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ وَإِنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ.

    6. Muhammad ibn ’Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from and Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar all from Safwan from Murazim from certain persons of our people who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who gives a certain amount of his property during his illness, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If he keeps such assets aside, it then is permissible, but if he has only said so in his will then it is from one-third of his legacy.’”

    • Mursal· al-Majlisi
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    7- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُرَازِمٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ السَّابَاطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ الْمَيِّتُ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ مَا دَامَ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ يُبِينُ بِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَإِنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ فَإِنْ تَعَدَّى فَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِلا الثُّلُثُ.

    7. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Murazim from ‘Ammar al- Sabatiy who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who is about to die; if he is more rightful to his assets as long as there is spirit in him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, that is right but if he makes a will and it is more (than the one-third) it applies to one-third of his legacy only.”’

    • Muwaththaq· al-Majlisi
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    8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ لَهُ الْوَلَدُ أَيَسَعُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَالَهُ لِقَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ هُوَ مَالُهُ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ.

    8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Sama‘ah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has a son; if he can give his assets to his relatives. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are his assets, he can do to it whatever he wants until death comes upon him.’”

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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    9- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَحَامِلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ الإنْسَانُ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ مَا دَامَ الرُّوحُ فِي بَدَنِهِ.

    9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘ Uthman ibn Sa‘id from abu al-Mahamil who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A man is more rightful to his assets as long as there is spirit in his body.’”

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    10- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ لَهُ الْوَلَدُ أَيَسَعُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَالَهُ لِقَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ هُوَ مَالُهُ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ إِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْمَالِ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِمَالِهِ مَا شَاءَ مَا دَامَ حَيّاً إِنْ شَاءَ وَهَبَهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَإِنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِلا الثُّلُثُ إِلا أَنَّ الْفَضْلَ فِي أَنْ لا يُضَيِّعَ مَنْ يَعُولُهُ وَلا يُضِرَّ بِوَرَثَتِهِ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ مَمَالِيكَ لَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ غَيْرُهُمْ فَعَابَهُ النَّبِيُّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَقَالَ تَرَكَ صِبْيَةً صِغَاراً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ.

    10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Sama‘ah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has a son; if he can give his assets to his relatives. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are his assets, he can do to them whatever he wants until death comes upon him; the owner can do whatever he wants as long as he is alive. He can give it as a gift or charity, or he can leave it until his death comes. If he makes a will it only applies to one-third of his legacy. It is more excellent for him not to neglect those who are his dependent and he must not harm the heirs. It is narrated that the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once criticized a man of al-Ansar who set free his slaves and no one was left for him, saying, ‘He has left behind small children to beg from people.’”

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
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    1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوَارِثِ فَقَالَ تَجُوزُ.

    1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from abu al-Mighra’ from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, if one can make a will for the heir. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.”’

    • Hasan· al-Majlisi
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    2- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلادٍ الْحَنَّاطِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ يُوصِي لِلْوَارِثِ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَوْ قَالَ جَائِزٌ لَهُ.

    2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from all from ibn Mahbub from abu Wallad al-Hannat who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, if one can make a will about something for the heirs. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes,’ or he said that ‘it is permissible.’”

    • Sahih· al-Majlisi
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    3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَلاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَارِثِ لا بَأْسَ بِهَا. الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ نَحْوَهُ.

    3. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Making a will for the heir is not harmful.’” Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Yunus ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has narrated a similar Hadith.

    • Majhul, like Sahih· al-Majlisi
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    4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوَارِثِ فَقَالَ تَجُوزُ.

    4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about making a will for the heir. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’”

    • Muwaththaq· al-Majlisi
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    5- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوَارِثِ فَقَالَ تَجُوزُ قَالَ ثُمَّ تَلا هَذِهِ الآيَةَ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوالِدَيْنِ وَالأقْرَبِينَ.

    5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ibn Bukayr from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about making a will for the heir. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’ He (the Imam) then recited this verse. ‘If he leaves good things the will is for parents and relatives.’”

    • Daif (per the well-known view)· al-Majlisi
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    6- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ الْحَجَّالِ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَ وُلْدِهِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَنِسَاءَهُ.

    6. Abu Ali al-Ash ‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar fn al-Hajjal from Th’alabah from Muhammad ibn Qays who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who gives preference to certain ones of his children. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so, and his women.’”

    • Sahih· al-Majlisi
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    1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَعْرُورٍ الأنْصَارِيُّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) بِمَكَّةَ وَإِنَّهُ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) بِمَكَّةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يُصَلُّونَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ وَأَوْصَى الْبَرَاءُ إِذَا دُفِنَ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ وَجْهُهُ إِلَى تِلْقَاءِ النَّبِيِّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَأَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فَجَرَتْ بِهِ السُّنَّةُ.

    1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ’Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that al-Bara’ ibn Ma’rur al-Ansariy lived in al-Madinah. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, lived in Makkah, and with his companions performed Salat (prayer) facing the direction of Bayt al-Maqdis. Al-Bara’ made a will that said, ‘His face in grave must be kept toward the direction to which the Holy Prophet performs Salat (prayer) and about one-third of his legacy and thus the Sunnah was established.”’

    • Hasan, like Sahih· al-Majlisi
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    2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ كَتَبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ دُرَّةَ بِنْتَ مُقَاتِلٍ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ ضَيْعَةً أَشْقَاصاً فِي مَوَاضِعَ وَأَوْصَتْ لِسَيِّدِهَا مِنْ أَشْقَاصِهَا بِمَا يَبْلُغُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَنَحْنُ أَوْصِيَاؤُهَا وَأَحْبَبْنَا أَنْ نُنْهِيَ إِلَى سَيِّدِنَا فَإِنْ هُوَ أَمَرَ بِإِمْضَاءِ الْوَصِيَّةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا أَمْضَيْنَاهَا وَإِنْ أَمَرَ بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى أَمْرِهِ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا يَأْمُرُ بِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) بِخَطِّهِ لَيْسَ يَجِبُ لَهَا مِنْ تَرِكَتِهَا إِلا الثُّلُثُ وَإِنْ تَفَضَّلْتُمْ وَكُنْتُمُ الْوَرَثَةَ كَانَ جَائِزاً لَكُمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ.

    2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad has said that Ahmad ibn Ishaq wrote to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al- Salam saying: “Durrah, daughter of Muqatil has died. She has left assets and pieces of land in several places. She had made a will for her master of the pieces of land, which was more than one-third of her legacy. We are the executors of her will and like to ask our master if he commands to approve that will as it is, so we can also approve; and if he commands other things we follow his command in all that he commands by the will of Allah. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, wrote in his own handwriting that said, ‘More than one-third is not obligatory on her legacy. If you have preferences and you are of the heirs it then is permissible for you by the will of Allah.’”

    • Sahih· al-Majlisi
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    3- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ مَا لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ ثُلُثُ مَالِهِ وَلِلْمَرْأَةِ أَيْضاً.

    3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Shu’ayb from Ya’qub who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies and about what is for him from his legacy. He (the Imam) said, ‘One third of his legacy is for him and this applies to a woman also.’”

    • Sahih· al-Majlisi
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    4- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ يَقُولُ لأنْ أُوصِيَ بِخُمُسِ مَالِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ وَلأنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالثُّلُثِ وَمَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ فَقَدْ بَالَغَ قَالَ وَقَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَأَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ كُلِّهِ أَوْ أَكْثَرِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ تُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمَعْرُوفِ غَيْرِ الْمُنْكَرِ فَمَنْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ وَأَتَى فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ الْمُنْكَرَ وَالْحَيْفَ فَإِنَّهَا تُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمَعْرُوفِ وَيُتْرَكُ لأهْلِ الْمِيرَاثِ مِيرَاثُهُمْ وَقَالَ مَنْ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ وَقَدْ بَلَغَ الْمَدَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لأنْ أُوصِيَ بِخُمُسِ مَالِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ.

    4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asem ibn Humayd from Muhammad ibn Qays who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, in this statement refers to the words of ’Amir al-Mu’minin. He (the Imam) said, ‘If I make a will about one-fifth of my legacy it is better than making a will about one- fourth of my legacy, and if I make a will about one-fourth of my legacy it is better than a will about one-third of my legacy. One who makes a will about one-third of his legacy and leaves nothing, he has exaggerated.’ “He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment in the case of a man who had made a will about all of his legacy or most of it. He (the Imam) said, ‘The will is turned from unacceptable status into what is acceptable. If one does injustice to himself and comes up with an unacceptable will and an unjust one, it then is turned to an acceptable one to leave the legacy for the heirs.’ ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third of his legacy which does not leave anything for the heirs, he has reached the ultimate condition.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If one makes a will about one-fifth of his legacy it is more likable to me than a will about one-fourth.’”

    • Hasan, like Sahih· al-Majlisi
39. 12791Al-KafiCopy

    5- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَقَدْ أَضَرَّ بِالْوَرَثَةِ وَالْوَصِيَّةُ بِالْخُمُسِ وَالرُّبُعِ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الْوَصِيَّةِ بِالثُّلُثِ وَمَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ.

    5. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from al-Washsha’ from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third of his legacy he has harmed the heirs. Making a will about one-fifth or one-fourth of the legacy is better than making a will about one-third. If one makes a will about one-third he has not left anything (for the heirs).’”

    • Sahih· al-Majlisi
40. 12792Al-KafiCopy

    6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ وَحَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ.

    6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim and Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy and Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third has not left any legacy.’”

    • Hasan· al-Majlisi
41. 12793Al-KafiCopy

    7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مَنْ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ خَطَأً فَإِنَّ ثُلُثَ دِيَتِهِ دَاخِلٌ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ.

    7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third of his legacy, then is killed by mistake, one-third of the wergild for him becomes part of that which he has willed.’”

    • Daif (per the well-known view)· al-Majlisi
42. 12794Al-KafiCopy

    1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ وَوَرَثَتُهُ شُهُودٌ فَأَجَازُوا ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ نَقَضُوا الْوَصِيَّةَ هَلْ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَرُدُّوا مَا أَقَرُّوا بِهِ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ الْوَصِيَّةُ جَائِزَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ إِذَا أَقَرُّوا بِهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ. أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مِثْلَهُ.

    1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad, from Hariz, from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who makes a will in the presence of his heirs who give permission but when he dies they disregard it if they can take back what they had agreed, abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘They cannot do so. The will about which the heirs agree in the lifetime of the deceased becomes permissible.’” Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar has narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Hazim from abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, a similar Hadith.’”

    • Hasan· al-Majlisi
43. 12795Al-KafiCopy

    1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ لِلْمُوصِي أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ إِنْ كَانَ فِي صِحَّةٍ أَوْ مَرَضٍ.

    1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ’One who makes a will has the right to cancel or leave it, regardless of his being in good health or in illness.

    • Hasan or Muwaththaq· al-Majlisi
44. 12796Al-KafiCopy

    2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لِصَاحِبِ الْوَصِيَّةِ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا وَيُحْدِثَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ مَا دَامَ حَيّاً.

    2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Faddal from Ali ibn ‘Uqbah from Burayd al-‘Ijliy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ’The testator has the right to cancel or change his will in his life time.”’

    • Muwaththaq· al-Majlisi
45. 12797Al-KafiCopy

    3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ الْمُدَبَّرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَأَنَّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَنْقُضَ وَصِيَّتَهُ فَيَزِيدَ فِيهَا وَيَنْقُصَ مِنْهَا مَا لَمْ يَمُتْ.

    3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ibn Muskan who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment about al- Mudabbar (slave to be set free with the death of the owner) as being part of one-third of the legacy and that a testator has the right to reduce or increase in his will as long as he is alive.’”

    • Sahih· al-Majlisi
46. 12798Al-KafiCopy

    4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يُغَيِّرَ وَصِيَّتَهُ فَيُعْتِقَ مَنْ كَانَ أَمَرَ بِمِلْكِهِ وَيُمَلِّكَ مَنْ كَانَ أَمَرَ بِعِتْقِهِ وَيُعْطِيَ مَنْ كَانَ حَرَمَهُ وَيَحْرِمَ مَنْ كَانَ أَعْطَاهُ مَا لَمْ يَمُتْ.

    4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from certain persons of his people who has narrated the following: “Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘A testator has the right to change his will, thus he can set free those whom he had willed to remain slaves or keep the slaves those that were freed in his will; give those who were deprived and deprive those whom he had given as long as he is alive.’”

    • Mursal· al-Majlisi
47. 12799Al-KafiCopy

    1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى لآخَرَ وَالْمُوصَى لَهُ غَائِبٌ فَتُوُفِّيَ الَّذِي أُوصِيَ لَهُ قَبْلَ الْمُوصِي قَالَ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِوَارِثِ الَّذِي أُوْصِيَ لَهُ قَالَ وَمَنْ أَوْصَى لأحَدٍ شَاهِداً كَانَ أَوْ غَائِباً فَتُوُفِّيَ الْمُوصَى لَهُ قَبْلَ الْمُوصِي فَالْوَصِيَّةُ لِوَارِثِ الَّذِي أُوصِيَ لَهُ إِلا أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ.

    1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asem ibn Humayd from Muhammad ibn Qays who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin once issued a judgment, about the case of a man who made a will and the beneficiary who was absent, died before the testator, that the benefit belongs to the heir of the beneficiary.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If one makes a will, regardless of his absence or presence, if the beneficiary dies before the testator, the benefit belongs to the heir of the beneficiary unless the testator changes his will before his death.’”

    • Hasan· al-Majlisi
48. 12800Al-KafiCopy

    2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ السَّابَاطِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُعْطِيَ عَمّاً لَهُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ شَيْئاً فَمَاتَ الْعَمُّ فَكَتَبَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَعْطِهِ وَرَثَتَهُ.

    2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Imran ibn Musa from Musa ibn Ja‘far from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id al-Mad’iniy from Muhammad ibn ‘Umar al-Sabatiy who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who made a will that said I must give something to his uncle every year, but the uncle has died. He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, wrote, ‘You must give it to his heirs.’”

    • Majhul· al-Majlisi
49. 12801Al-KafiCopy

    3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أُوْصِيَ لَهُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهَا وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ عَقِباً قَالَ اطْلُبْ لَهُ وَارِثاً أَوْ مَوْلًى فَادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ أَعْلَمْ لَهُ وَلِيّاً قَالَ اجْهَدْ عَلَى أَنْ تَقْدِرَ لَهُ عَلَى وَلِيٍّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْهُ وَعَلِمَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْكَ الْجِدَّ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهَا.

    3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ayyub ibn Nuh from al-‘Abbas ibn ’Amir who has narrated the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of man in whose favor a will is made but he dies before taking possession and has not left any heirs. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must search for his heirs or master then give it to him.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if I cannot find any guardian for him?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Try to find out his guardian and if you cannot find, and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, knows your effort, then give it in charity on his behalf.’”

    • Sahih· al-Majlisi
50. 12802Al-KafiCopy

    1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَقَالَ أَعْطِهِ لِمَنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ لَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَهُودِيّاً أَوْ نَصْرَانِيّاً إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ ما سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّما إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ.

    1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has made a will to spend his assets in the way of Allah. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must give it to the designated beneficiary even if he is a Christian or a Jew; Allah, most Blessed, most High, says, “Whoever intentionally changes the will of a deceased person, he has committed a sin. Allah is All-hearing and All-knowing.” (2:181)’”

    • Hasan· al-Majlisi

Sunni collections: text from the open hadith-api dataset. Al-Kafi: Arabic text, Muhammad Sarwar's translation and gradings from Thaqalayn.net via the Thaqalayn API. Hadith numbering follows those editions and can differ from a printed copy — check the Arabic against a trusted edition before relying on a reference.