Ceci est la partie 6 sur 22 de « The Book of Livelihood and Commerce (al-Ma'isha) », livre 18 de Al-Kafi — Hadith 8 556–8 605. Le livre est suffisamment long pour être divisé en 22 pages afin que chacune se charge rapidement ; les parties se suivent dans l'ordre et sont liées au bas de la page.
5. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘One who is poor can eat within the proper limits’, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He is a man who holds himself back from making his living (to help the orphans). It is not harmful if he eats within the proper limits when he looks after their properties. If the properties are of a small amount he must not eat thereof.’ I (the narrator) then asked, ‘What is the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, “If you mix then they are your brothers in religion”?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must take out from their property an amount that is sufficient for them for a certain time and from your own property a similar amount which is sufficient for you; then you can spend it.’ I then asked about the case where certain ones are smaller and others are bigger and of different amount of expenses for food and clothing. He (the Imam) said, ‘In matters of clothes each individual pays what is spent for that individual, but in matters of food they all share; a small person perhaps uses as much food as a larger one.’”
6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from certain persons of our people from Us ibn al-Qasim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about an orphan whose income every month is twenty dirham; how I must spend it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Spend what the orphan needs of food and dates.’ I asked if spending one-third is sufficient. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you must spend half of the income.’”
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Asbat ibn Salim who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I had a brother who has died and made a will in which he appointed my brother who is elder to me and myself as executors. He has left behind a small son and has left behind a certain amount of assets. My brother uses that asset in business and gives the extra to the orphan and has taken the responsibility for the assets of the orphan. He (the Imam) said, ‘If your brother’s own asset is sufficient to cover the assets of the orphan, then it is not harmful; but if he does not have that much asset he must not bother with the assets of the orphan.’”
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “About the case of the assets of orphans, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One who uses the assets of the orphan in business is responsible and the profit belongs to the orphan, if the worker does not have anything of his own assets in it.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This person is responsible to pay for any damage caused.’”
3. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Rib’iy ibn ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “About the case of a man who has the assets of an orphan with him, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If he is poor and has no assets of his own, he must not touch the assets of the orphan; and if he uses it in business, he is responsible for it and the profit belongs to the orphan.’”
4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Asbat from Asbat ibn Salim who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that my brother has told me to ask you about the assets of an orphan who is under his (my brother’s) guardianship and he uses the assets of the orphan in business. He (the Imam) said, ‘If your brother’s assets are sufficient to cover the assets of the orphan in case it is destroyed, it is permissible; otherwise, it is not permissible and he must not hassle with the assets of the orphan.’”
5. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who is the person in charge of the assets of an orphan; if he can borrow from such assets. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would borrow from the assets of orphans under his guardianship, thus, it is not harmful.’”
6. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who is the person in charge of the assets of orphans; if he can borrow from such assets. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would borrow from the assets of orphans under his guardianship.’”
7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from af-Fadf ibn Shadhan from ibn abu ‘Umayr and Safwan from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man in whose family someone has the assets of orphans and he gives a certain amount of dirham to him that he needs; and the person with whom there are the assets of orphans does not know if he has taken anything from their assets. He thereafter becomes affluent. Is it better for him to give it back to the one who had given him such assets or to the orphan who has reached maturity? Is it sufficient if he gives it to the one from whom he had received the amount in the form of gifts without informing him about his borrowing anything from him? He (the Imam) said, ’Either way is sufficient. To give it as gift to his friend is sufficient because it is of the secret matters, if he had the intention to return to the orphan who has become mature, and in whatever manners he returns even if he does not inform him about his borrowing or if he wants he can return to the one from whom he had received the amount.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If his friend is absent, he then must return it to the one from whom he had received the amount.’”
8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Khalid ibn Jarir from abu al-Rabi‘ who has said the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about the case of a man who becomes the person in charge of the assets of orphans and borrows a certain amount thereof. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn, would borrow from the assets of orphans under his guardianship.’”
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from al-Husayn ibn Mus’ab af-Hamadaniy who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘There are three issues in which one has no choice: They are safe return of trust of a virtuous or sinful person, keeping one’s promise to a virtuous or sinful person, and kindness to parents, regardless, of their being virtuous or sinful ones.’”
2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ibn Bukayr from al-Hassan al- Shaybaniy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘One of your Mawaliy (followers) considers use of the properties of Amawide people lawful as well as their lives. Something that they had left with him for safe-keeping is in his possession.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must return trusts to the rightful people even if they are of Zoroastrian people. Such matters will happen only when the one with Divine Authority from us, Ahl al-Bayt will rise. He will decide what is lawful and what is not lawful.’”
3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya from his grandfather, al-Hassan ibn Rashid from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘You must return a trust even if an assassin of the children of the prophet has left it with you.’”
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Isma’il ibn Marrar from Yunus from ‘Umar ibn abu Hafs who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘You must maintain piety before Allah and you must return a trust to the one who has entrusted you with it. Even if the assassin of Ali ibn abu Talib entrusted me with something, I had to return it to him safely.’”
5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ‘Ammar ibn Marwan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said in one of his advices, ‘You must take notice that even if the assassin of Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, who struck him (the Imam) with his sword had entrusted me with something, asked for my opinion and consultation and I had accepted, I most certainly had to return his trust safely.’”
6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar from Hafs ibn Qurt who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘There was a woman in al-Madinah and people left their slave-girls with her to train them. We said that there is no one on whom wealth is poured as it is poured before her.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because she spoke the truth, returned the trust safely and that is what attracts wealth.’ Safwan has said, ‘I heard this Hadith from Hafs later on.’”
7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘One who does not keep a trust safely is not of our people/ The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Trustworthiness attracts wealth and treachery attracts poverty.’”
8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Khalid from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn al-Qasim who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, Musa, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who entrusted another man with a certain amount of property. The man with whom goods were left was from Arab people and he was not able to return anything. The other man was not able to do anything against him. The entrusting man was a filthy foreigner and has not asked for anything.’ He (the Imam) said to me, ‘Tell him to return his trust; he entrusted him with trust of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’ I then said, ‘Ali ibn al- Nu’man has purchased from an ‘Abbaside woman a certain piece of their (land) and he has a document that says she has received payment; but in fact she has not received any payment. Should he pay her or refuse to pay?’ He (the Imam) said to me, ‘Tell him to deny paying her with strongest denial; she has sold what did not belong to her.’”
9. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nahdiy from Kathir ibn Yunus from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Sayabah who has said the following: “When my father, Sayabah, passed away, one of his brothers came to me and knocked at the door. I went out to meet him. He offered me condolence and asked, ‘Has your father left anything?’ I replied, ‘No, he has not left anything.’ He then gave to me a bag with a thousand dirham in it and said, ‘Keep it (the capital) safe and use its profits.’ I went to my mother while I was very happy and informed her about it. During the night I visited a friend of my father and he purchased for me certain Sabiriy goods. I then opened a shop and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, granted me a great deal of good things. The time for Hajj came and I felt in my heart about performing Hajj. I went to my mother and informed her of my feeling about performing Hajj . She then told me to return the dirhams of so and so. I then took the dirhams and gave it to him. He became so happy as if he had received a gift. He said, ‘Perhaps, it is not enough. I am ready to give you more dirhams.’ I replied, ‘No, I thank you. I desire to perform Hajj and I like that your thing is in your own possession.’ I left for Hajj and completed the acts of Hajj. I then returned to al-Madinah and along with people went to visit abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam. Appointment was not required for visitation. I sat in the last rows of people; I was young. People asked him questions and he (the Imam) answered them. When many people left and the gathering was reduced he (the Imam) pointed to me and I went closer. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Do you need anything?’ I replied, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I am ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Sayabah.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What has your father done?’ I replied, ‘He has passed away.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘He (the Imam) expressed sorrow and sympathy.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘He (the Imam) then asked, ‘Has he left anything?’ I replied, ‘No, he has not left any thing.’ He (the Imam) then asked, ‘By what means then were you able to perform Hajj?’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I explained to him the story of the man with dirham. He (the Imam) did not allow me to finish the story and asked, ’What did you do with the thousand dirhams?’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I said, “I returned it to its owner.’” He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘You have done a very good deed’ and he said to me, ‘Would you like if I give a good advice?’ I replied, ‘Yes, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must speak the truth and return a trust safely; you will share people in their wealth like this’ -he joined his fingers side by side. I followed his advice and was able to pay in charity three hundred thousand dirham.’”
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man whose son owned a certain amount of wealth and his father was needy. He (the Imam) replied, ‘He has permission to use such wealth for food; however, a mother does not have such permission but she can borrow on her own responsibility.’”
2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Asbat from Ali ibn Ja’far who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who used the properties of his sons for food. He (the Imam) replied, ‘No, unless he is compelled by pressing needs, in which case he spends in a fair manner but it is not proper for the sons to spend the properties of their father without the permission of the father.’”
3. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Mahbub from abu Hamzah al-Thumaliy who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once said to a man, ‘You and your property belong to your father.’ Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘I do not like his spending from the property of his son more than what he needs for his bare necessities; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, does not love destruction.’”
4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Kufiy from ‘Ubays ibn Hisham from “Abd al-Karim from ibn abu Ya’fur who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man whose son owned a certain amount of wealth and liked to take something from it. He (the Imam) replied, ‘He has permission to do so; however, were his mother alive I would not like her taking anything from his property except as a loan on her own responsibility.’”
5. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Mahbub from al-‘ Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who needed to spend from the property of his son. He (the Imam) replied, ‘He has permission to use the property of his son for food as much as he wants but without excess.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is in the book of Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that a son does not have permission to spend from the property of his father anything unless his father grants him permission. A father has permission to take from the property of his sons as he wants. He may also have carnal relations with the slave-girl of his son if his son has not yet engaged in carnal relations with her.’ He (the Imam) also mentioned that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once said to a man, ‘You and your property belong to your father.’”
6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Al-Husayn ibn al-‘Ala’ who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘How much can a father spend from the property of his sons?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘He can take for his basic necessities without excess when pressing needs compel him.’ I (the narrator) then asked about the words of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, to a man who came to him and had brought his father also. The Messenger of Allah said to him, ‘You and your property belong to your father’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘He brought his father before the Holy Prophet saying, “O Messenger of Allah, he has done injustice to me in the matters of the legacy of my mother.” The father informed him of his spending her legacy on the son and for his own expenses. Then he (the Messenger of Allah) said, “You and your property belong to your father.” The man did not own anything. Should the Messenger of Allah stop the father benefiting from the son?’”
1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from ‘Uthman ibn ’Isa from Sa‘d ibn Yasar who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, T pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, a woman gave a certain amount of property to her husband from her own property so he can use in business and she said to him upon the delivery, “You can spend from it and if something happens to you, it is lawful for you and if something happens to me and whatever you may spend is lawfully clean for you.’” He (the Imam) asked, ‘Say it again, O Sa‘id.’ When I wanted to repeat the question the person involved in the case was present so he repeated the same question. When he completed the question, he (the Imam) pointed with his finger to the person involved in the case saying, ‘If you know that she has left it up to your decision which you make before Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, then it is lawfully clean for you’- he said it three times. He (the Imam) then said, ‘Allah, most Majestic is whose name, has said in His book, “If they (the wives) agree about something of it (their property) for your spending thereof you may consume it in good health and pleasure.” (4:4)’”
2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about how much is lawful for a woman to give as charity from the house of her husband without his permission. He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is al-Ma’dum (sauce, curry or gravy).”’
1. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qashaniy from Salih ibn abu Hammad all from al-Washsha’ from Ahmad ibn ‘ A’idh from abu Khadijah, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘In the beginning of time when people found something and took it this (act) caused them to lose the ability to move even one step until they threw away what they had found. The rightful owner then came to pick it up. People became daring to greater wrong acts but it will in a certain time come back again.”’
2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr from Dawud ibn Sarhan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that one who finds something of value must (continue to) announce his finding for one year. Thereafter it becomes like the rest of his property.” (Consult fatwa also)
3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from all from ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Salih who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has found a dinar in his house. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Does anyone else enter his house?’ I (the narrator) replied, ‘Yes, many people enter his house.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is a case of lost and found property.’ I (the narrator) then asked about the case of a man who has found a dinar in his box. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Does anyone besides him enter his hand in his box?’ I (the narrator) replied, ‘No, no one else does so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It then is for him.’”
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Muhammad ibn abu Hamzah from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about lost property found. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must (continue to) announce your finding in public for one year, regardless of its quantity - whether small or a large quantity.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If it is less than a dirham one does not need to make any announcements.’”
5. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub al-‘ Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a house wherein certain leaves (coins of silver) are found. He (the Imam) replied, ‘If it is livable and the dwellers live therein, it belongs to them; but if it is not livable, whose inhabitants have abandoned it, then it is for the one who has found it.’”
6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Hajjal from Tha’labah ibn Maymun from Sa‘id ibn ‘Amr al-Ju’fiy who has said the following: “I once left for Makkah and my financial condition was the worst among people. I mentioned to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam. When I left his meeting at the door I found a bag with seven hundred dinar in it. I immediately returned to the Imam and informed him about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Sa‘id, be pious before Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. You must announce your finding in all the places (Mashahid) where people perform the acts of Hajj.’ I had a degree of hope about Imam’s permission for me to use some of that money. I then left and I was sad. I went to Mina and moved far from people, searched around and ended up to the places endowed for the benefit of people. I found a room away from people and then announced, ‘I have found a bag. Whoever has lost it must give proper description and collect it from me.’ As soon as I made the announcement a man stood over my head saying, ‘I am the owner of the bag/ I (the narrator) said to myself I wish you had not said it. I then asked, ‘What is the description of the bag?’ He gave me the exact description and I gave it to him.’ He moved to one side and counted them and found it to be the same amount. He then counted seventy dinars and said, ‘Take this lawful money; it is better than seven hundred unlawful dinars.’ I took them and visited abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and informed him of the story in details. He (the Imam) said, ‘When you complained before me about your condition I ordered to keep aside thirty dinars for you. O girl, bring for him those dinars.’ I took them and was of the best financial condition in my people.’”
7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Musa ibn ‘Umar from al-Hajjal from Dawud ibn abu Yazid who has said the following: “Once a man said, ‘I have found a certain amount of property and because of it I am afraid for myself. I wish to find the owner to free myself of this difficulty. He (the narrator) has said, that abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, asked him, ‘Will you, by Allah, on finding the owner give it to him?’ He replied, ‘Yes, by Allah, I will do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I am the one. By Allah, it has no owner besides me.’ He (the Imam) made him to take an oath to do with what he has found as he (the Imam) commands him to do. He took an oath and he (the Imam) commanded him to distribute it among his brothers, saying, ‘You will be safe from what you are afraid of.’ He has said, ‘I distributed it among my brothers.’” (Consult fatwa about this Hadith)
8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain persons of our people from abu al-‘Ala’ who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘A man found a certain amount of goods and he announced about it in public for one year. He then bought a slave-girl. A man then claiming to be the owner came to him and found the slave-girl who was purchased with that money to be his daughter.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He is entitled to take the dirhams but not the slave- girl. The money belongs to him but his daughter is the slave-girl of other people.’”
9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja’far who has said the following: “I once wrote to the man, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked him about the case of a man who had bought camels or cows for sacrificial offering. When he slaughtered, he found a bag of dinar or diamond inside the animal. To whom this found property belong?’ He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, wrote back to me, ‘He must announce it before the seller and if he did not know about it, then whatever is found is what Allah has granted to him.’”
10. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq from ‘Abd Allah ibn Hammad from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Whoever finds something it is for him to benefit thereby until the owner comes. He then must give it to the owner.” (Consult Fatwa also.)
11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I asked abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about lost property found. He (the Imam) said, ’He must not pick it up, and if he did so, it becomes his responsibility to announce for it up to one year. If the owner did not come forward, it then becomes subject to what his other properties are until someone searching for it comes forward; and if no one came forward he must make a will about it.’”
12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim , who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that once someone came to the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, saying, ‘I have found a sheep.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘It is for you or your brother or a wolf.’ He then said, T have found a camel.’ The Messenger of Allah asked, ’Does it have its shoes and water container? Nevertheless, take notice, its shoes are its feet and its water container is its hump. You must not bother the camel.’” (Consult fatwa also.)
13. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from ‘ Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one finds a certain amount of goods, or a camel in wilderness which has become tired has stopped walking and its owner has abandoned it; someone other than the owner then takes it, tends to it and incurs expenses to revive it from tiredness and death; it then is for him. He (the owner) has no reason to claim it. It then is like a lawful thing for him (the finder).”’
14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn Mughirah from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, issued a judgment about the animal of a man who had abandoned it as follows: ‘If he has left it near water, and proper and safe pasture it is for him. He takes it wherever he finds it. If he has left it in an unsafe place, without water and pasture, it then is for the one who finds it.’”
15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘There is no offense in picking up a stick, pieces of wood used in the saddle of camels, stage, ropes, and harnesses and similar items. He (the Imam) then said, ‘Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, “Such things are not wanted items.’”” (Consult fatwa also.)
16. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Shammun from al-Asamm from Misma’ who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If a horse is released by its owner or if he is not able to feed it or pay its expenses, it then is for one who revives it.’ He (the Imam) has said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, issued a judgment about the case of a man who had left his horse in an unsafe place. The judgment said, “If he has left it in a safe place with water and pasture, it is for him whenever he wants; but if he has left it in an unsafe place without water and pasture then it is for the one who has revived it.’””
17. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Mahbub from Safwan al-Jammal who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘One who finds a lost animal but does not announce in public what he has found and then it is found by the owner, it then is for the care-taker (owner) or its kind (current value) from the assets of the one who has kept it in hiding.’”
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from af-Nawfafiy from af-Sakuniy, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Gifts are of three kinds: One is a gift to compensate a favor, another is a gift for understanding (bribing) someone, and another gift is a gift from Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”
2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from all from ibn Mahbub from Ibrahim al- Karkhiy who has said the following: “I asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who possesses a great deal of goods. On the times of festivities or the day of Nawroz, they give him as gifts which they did not have to give him but they wanted to become nearer to him. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Are they not the ones who perform prayers?’ I (the narrator) replied, ‘Yes, they perform prayer.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must accept their gift and reciprocate. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “Even if a foot of sheep is given to me as a gift I accept it. It is part of the discipline of religion. On the other hand, if an unbeliever or hypocrite gives me as gift, a whole load of goods, I do not accept. It is of the discipline of religion. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdains my accepting gifts of unbelievers and hypocrites.’””
3. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from Sayf ibn ‘ Amirah from abu Bakr al-Hadramiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Arabs during pre-Islamic age of ignorance were of two groups. One was al-Hull and the other al-Hums. Al-Hums were Quraysh and al-Hull was the rest of Arabs. Everyone of al-Hull group had to have a protector from al-Hums people; otherwise, they could not perform Tawaf except in a naked condition. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, was the protector of ‘Iyad ibn Himar al-Mujashi‘iy. ‘Iyad was a person of great importance. He was a judge for the people in ‘Ukaz during the age of ignorance. When visiting Makkah ‘Iyad removed his dress of sins and filth. He dressed up with the dress of the Messenger of Allah for being clean. He dressed up and performed Tawaf around the house, then returned them to him after completing Tawaf. When the Messenger of Allah declared his mission, ‘Iyad brought a gift for him. The Messenger of Allah refused to accept it saying, ‘O ‘Iyad, if you accept Islam I accept your gift. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdains my accepting gifts from pagans.’ ‘Iyad then afterwards accepted Islam and made it to be good. He then gave a gift to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and he accepted his gift.’”
4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ii; ibn Mehran from abu Jarir al-Qummiy who has said the following: “I once, about the case of a man who gifts something to a relative who is a sultan but he seeks thawab (reward from Allah), asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam. He (the Imam) replied, ‘What is for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and to keep good relations with relatives is permissible. He must accept the gift if it is for thawab.’”
5. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah who has said the following: “Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Qummiy once said to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘On our land there are facilities that house firehouses of al-Majus (Zoroastrians) who offer cows and sheep and dirham. Can the owners of these villages receive such things and these facilities have keepers who maintain them?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The owners of these villages must take it and there is no offense in it.’” (Consult Fatwa also)
6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from those whom he has mentioned from Yahya al-Mubarak from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) about a poor man who presents to me a gift seeking nearness to me thereby and I accept it and do not give him anything as a gift. Is this lawful for me?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is lawful for you, however, you must not neglect to give him something.’”
Majhul· al-Majlisi
Recueils sunnites : texte du jeu de données ouvert hadith-api. Al-Kafi : texte arabe, traduction de Muhammad Sarwar et authentifications de Thaqalayn.net via l'API Thaqalayn. La numérotation suit ces éditions et peut différer d'une copie imprimée — vérifiez l'arabe dans une édition de confiance avant de vous appuyer sur une référence.
