Ceci est la partie 3 sur 5 de « The Book of Social Conduct (al-'Ishra) », livre 9 de Al-Kafi — Hadith 3 684–3 733. Le livre est suffisamment long pour être divisé en 5 pages afin que chacune se charge rapidement ; les parties se suivent dans l'ordre et sont liées au bas de la page.
20. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Musa from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from ‘Abd al-Samad ibn Bash ‘Amir from Hudhayfah ibn Mansur from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Sneezing is beneficial to all parts of the body if it is not more than three times, if it is more than three times then it is an illness and disease.’”
21. Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufi has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan from Ali ibn b t from his Uncle, Ya’qub n Salim from abu Bakr al-Hadrami who has said the following: “Once I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, ‘The most undesirable voice is the voice of donkeys.’ (31:19) The Imam said, ‘It is a bad sneezing.’”
22. Muhammad ibn Y ahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Qasim ibn Yahya from his grandfather al-Hassan ibn Rashid from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “If one sneezes, places his hand over his nose and says, ‘All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the worlds, (all praise belongs to Allah), a great deal of praise, as He deserves, Allah has granted al-Salat (favors) and peace upon Muhammad, His Holy Prophet, and the Ahl al-Bay (family of Muhammad), a small flying thing, smaller than a grasshopper and larger than a fly, will come out of his left nostril until it reaches beneath the Throne and asks for him forgiveness from Allah to the Day of Judgment.’”
23. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from certain individuals of his people from a man of ‘Ammah (non-Shi ’a) who has said the following: “I would sit in the meeting place of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) I swear by Allah that I had not seen any meeting place nobler than his meeting place. One day he asked me, ‘Where from does sneeze come?’ I said, ‘It comes out of the nose.’ He said, ‘You have got it wrong.’ I then said, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, from where does it come?’ The Imam said, ‘It comes from the whole body, just as a reproductive seed comes out of the whole body and its exit is through penis.’ The Imam then asked, ‘Have you noted that when one sneezes his whole body moves and a person sneezing is safe from death for seven days?”’
24. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: ‘‘The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Sneezing is a sign of truthfulness.’”
25. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: ‘‘The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘If a man is speaking about something and someone sneezes, this is evidence of the truth.’”
26. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ja’far ibn Muhammad al-Ash’ari from ibn al-Qaddah from ibn abu ‘Umayr from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: ‘‘The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Sneezing is verification of the truthfulness of a person’s words.’”
27. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhsin ibn Ahmad from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Zurara from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “If one sneezes three times, the special expressions for this purpose should be said only up to three times and thereafter should be left alone.”
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘It is of honoring Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, to honor a Muslim man advanced in age.’”
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Whoever recognizes the excellence of an old person due to his age and treats him with dignity, Allah will grant him protection against the horror on the Day of Judgment.’”
3. Through the same chain of narrators it is narrated from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Whoever treats an old Muslim person with dignity, Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, will grant him protection against the horror of the Day of Judgment.’”
4. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Muhammad ibn Ali from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said that he heard abu al-Khattab narrate from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) the following: “There are three kinds of people whose rights are not ignored, except by a hypocrite, well-known in hypocrisy: of such people is an old person in Islam, the carrier of the Holy Quran and the Imam who possesses the noble merit of justice.”
5ـ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي نَهْشَلٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) مِنْ إِجْلالِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِجْلالُ الْمُؤْمِنِ ذِي الشَّيْبَةِ وَمَنْ أَكْرَمَ مُؤْمِناً فَبِكَرَامَةِ الله بَدَأَ وَمَنِ اسْتَخَفَّ بِمُؤْمِنٍ ذِي شَيْبَةٍ أَرْسَلَ الله إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يَسْتَخِفُّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ.
5. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from abu Nahshal from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) said to me, ‘It is respecting Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, to respect an old believing person. Whoever honors an old believing person has begun (with) honoring Allah. Whoever disrespects an old believing person, Allah will send to him someone who will disrespect him before his death.’”
6. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ahmad ibn Ishaq from Sa’dan ibn Muslim from abu Basir and others from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “It is honoring Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, to honor an old Muslim.”
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ja’far ibn Muhammad al-Ash’ari from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Qaddah from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once two men came to Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.) he prepared one seat for each one. One of them sat on the seat but the other refused. Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.) said to him, ‘Take your seat; no one refuses to appreciate being honored except a donkey.’ The Imam then said, ‘The Messenger of Allah has said, “When the honorable person of a people comes to you, you must treat him with honor.’”
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘When a noble and honorable person of a people comes to you, you must treat him with honor.’”
3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ‘Abd Allah al-‘Alawi from his father from his grandfather who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.) has said, ‘When ‘Adi ibn Hatim came to the Holy Prophet, he brought him (‘Adi) to his house. In his house there was nothing to use as a seat except a sack (storage for dates) and a pillow made of animal skin. With such items the Messenger of Allah prepared a seat for ‘Adi ibn Hatim.’”
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘It is of the rights of a newcomer on the people of the house to gently escort him when entering and leaving.’ The Imam said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ‘When anyone enters the house of his brother (in belief), the host then is his commander until he leaves.’”
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan from ibn abu ‘Awf who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) saying, ‘Meetings are trusts (in the hands of the attendants).”’
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from Zurara from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Meetings are a trust (that attendants must not violate).”
3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from those whom he has mentioned (in his book) from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The meetings are trusts. No one must make public anything that one’s companion does not want to be made public unless it is with his permission, or he is trusted and does it only for his good.”
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Malik ibn ‘Atiyyah from abu Basir from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Out of three people, two of them should not hold a private conversation because it saddens and hurts the feelings of the third.”
2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from Muhammad ibn Ali from Yunus ibn Ya’qub from abu al-Hassan, the first (a.s.) who has said the following: “Out of three people in one house, two of them should not hold a private conversation because it saddens the third.”
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘To one who disturbs the conversation of his Muslim brother it is like scratching his face.”
1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from al-Nawfali from ‘Abd al-‘Azim ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan al-‘Alawi in a marfu’ manner from the Imam who has said the following: “The Holy Prophet would sit with three postures: al-Qurfusa . In this posture both knees are up and one holds them with both arms and hands around them, folding both legs backwards so one can sit on them and one leg folded and the other spread over the folded one. He was never seen sitting with legs squared.”
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from those whom he has mentioned (in his book) from abu Hamza al-Thumali who has said the following: “I saw Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.) when sitting place one foot over his thigh. I said, ‘People dislike this sitting posture and say, “It is the sitting posture of the Lord.’” The Imam said, ‘I sit this way to relieve myself of tiredness. The Lord does not tire and slumber or sleep cannot overcome Him.’”
3. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Muhammad ibn Murazim from abu Sulayman al-Zahid from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Whoever feels content with a seat without formalities in a gathering, Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, and His angels continue doing and asking favors for him until he leaves the gathering.”
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain individuals of his people from Talhah ibn Zayd from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah most of the time would sit facing the direction of Qiblah (Ka’bah).”
5ـ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ جَلَسَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) مُتَوَرِّكاً رِجْلُهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى فَخِذِهِ الْيُسْرَى فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ هَذِهِ جِلْسَةٌ مَكْرُوهَةٌ فَقَالَ لا إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ قَالَتْهُ الْيَهُودُ لَمَّا أَنْ فَرَغَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ وَاسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ جَلَسَ هَذِهِ الْجِلْسَةَ لِيَسْتَرِيحَ فَأَنْزَلَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الله لا إِلهَ إِلا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلا نَوْمٌ وَبَقِيَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) مُتَوَرِّكاً كَمَا هُوَ.
5. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Mu’ Alla ibn Muhammad from al- Washsha’ from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman who has said the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) was sitting with his right foot on his left thigh. A man said, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, this sitting posture is not desirable.’ The Imam said, ‘It is not so. That is a thing the Jews say that when Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, finished creating the heavens and earth and took His place on the Throne, He sat in this posture to rest and relax. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, revealed 255 of Chapter 2 of the Holy Quran, “Allah exists. No one deserves to be worshipped except Allah, the Everlasting and the Guardian of life. Drowsiness or sleep does not seize him. . . .’” (2:255) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) continued to remain in that sitting posture.’”
6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from those whom he has mentioned (in his book) from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “When the Messenger of Allah was to enter a house he would sit at the nearest place to the entrance.”
7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.) would say, ‘The market place of the Muslims is like their Mosque, the one who first takes a place stays there until night. ’ The narrator has said that he (the Imam) would not charge any rent for the shops.’”
8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘In a gathering during summer the distance between two people should be an elbow’s length (about eighteen inches) so that no difficulty is caused to any of them.’”
9. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman who has said the following: “Once, I saw abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) sitting in his house near the door facing the Ka’bah.”
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Sitting in the Mosque in a leaning posture is the monkish practice of the Arabs. The gathering place of believing people is the Mosque, and their monastery is their home.’”
2. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from his father from al- Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Sitting in the Mosque in al- ‘Ihtiba ’ posture (knees folded with thighs against the belly by a piece of cloth or by one’s arms) is the wall of Arabs.’”
3. Muhammad ibn Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from abu al-Hassan (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Sitting in the Mosque in al- ‘ Ihtiba ’ posture, (knees folded with thighs against the belly by a piece of cloth or by one’s arms) is the wall of Arabs.’”
4. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama’a who has said the following: “Once I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) about a man who uses one piece of cloth for al- ‘Ihtiba’. The Imam said, ‘If it covers his private parts then it is not an offense.’”
5. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Muhammad ibn Ali from Ali ibn Asbat from certain individuals of our people from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “It is not permissible for a man to perform al-’Ihtiba’ across the Ka’bah.”
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Mu’ammar ibn Khallad who has said the following: “Once I asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.) ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, can a man be with a people who speak and laugh at funny stories?’ The Imam said, ‘It is not an offense if there is not that.’ I (the narrator) then thought ‘ that ’ was his signal to indecent acts. The Imam then said, ‘Arabs would come to the Messenger of Allah and bring him gifts and then say, “Pay us for our gifts.” The Messenger of Allah would laugh. When he felt sad he would say, “What happened to the Arab man? I wish he comes by.’””
2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Sharif ibn Sabiq from al-Fadl ibn Abu Qarrah from Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “There is no believer except that he has al-Duʿāba (a sense of humor). I asked, ‘What is al-Duʿāba?' The Imam said, ‘Joking’”
3. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Muhammad ibn Ali from Yahya ibn Sallam from Yusuf ibn Ya’qub from Salih ibn ‘Aqabah from Yunus al-Shaybani who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘How is your telling funny stories for each other?’ I said, ‘It is very little.’ The Imam said, ‘Do not do so. Telling funny stories is of delightful moral discipline. You can bring joy to your brother (in belief). The Messenger of Allah would tell funny stories to bring cheerfulness feelings to a man.’”
4. Salih ibn ‘Aqabah has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Ju’fi who has said the following: “I heard abu Ja’far (a.s.) saying, ‘Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, loves a funny storyteller in a group free of abusive matters. ’”
5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Asbat from al-Hassan ibn Kulayb from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The laughing of a believing person is smiling.”
6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mansur from Hariz from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Much laughing deadens the heart. He has also said, ‘Much laughing melts one’s religion just as water melts salt.’”
7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘It is ignorance to laugh without astonishment.’ The narrator has said that the Imam would say, ‘In laughing do not allow your teeth to become visible, when you have committed disgraceful deeds. One who has committed evil deeds should not feel secure about what kinds of misfortune the night may bring.”’
8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘Beware of jokes; it takes away the dignity of one’s face.’”
9. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from ibn abu ‘Umayr from those whom he has mentioned (in his book) from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “If you love a person, do not play jokes on him and do not argue with him.”
10. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabi from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Laughing loud is from Satan.”
11. Hamid ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad al-Kindi from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan al-Maythami from ‘Anbasah al-‘Abid who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) saying, ‘Much laughing eliminates the dignity of one’s face.’”
12. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ja’far ibn Muhammad al-Ash’ari from ibn al-Qaddah from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.) has said, ‘Beware of joking; it attracts hatred and hostility and it is a minor form of name-calling.’”
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