Ceci est la partie 5 sur 5 de « The Book of Wills », livre 28 de Al-Kafi — Hadith 12 953–12 992. Le livre est suffisamment long pour être divisé en 5 pages afin que chacune se charge rapidement ; les parties se suivent dans l'ordre et sont liées au bas de la page.
4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى رَفَعَهُ عَنْهُمْ (عَلَيْهِم السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ احْتُسِبَ لَهُ مِنْ زَكَاتِهِ.
4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated in a marfu‘ the following: “‘A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, have said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third of his legacy it is counted as his Zakat.’”
5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لِفُلانٍ وَفُلانٍ لأحَدِهِمَا عِنْدِي أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ مَاتَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ فَقَالَ أَيُّهُمَا أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَلَهُ الْمَالُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُقِمْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا الْبَيِّنَةَ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ.
5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that about the case of a man who at the time of his death states that either one of so and so and so and so has one thousand dirham with me then he dies in such condition, ’Amir al-Mu’minin, has issued the following decree. ‘Whoever presents testimony can receive the asset but if no one of them can present testimony they divide it half and half.’”
6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ مَنْ عَدَلَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَمَنْ جَارَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ.
6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One who maintains justice in his will is like one who has given in charity in his lifetime and one who is unjust in his will he, on the Day of Judgment, will come before Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, who will shun him.’”
7- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ إِنْسَانٍ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَلَمْ يَحْفَظِ الْوَصِيُّ إِلا بَاباً وَاحِداً مِنْهَا كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فِي الْبَاقِي فَوَقَّعَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) الأبْوَابُ الْبَاقِيَةُ يَجْعَلُهَا فِي الْبِرِّ.
7. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn al-Rayyan who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked him about a man who makes a will but the executor of the will executes only one item of it. What must he do about the other items? He (the Imam) signed the answer that said, ‘He can spend the other chapters (items) in good causes.’”
8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنِّي وَقَفْتُ أَرْضاً عَلَى وُلْدِي وَفِي حَجٍّ وَوُجُوهِ بِرٍّ وَلَكَ فِيهِ حَقٌّ بَعْدِي أَوْ لِمَنْ بَعْدَكَ وَقَدْ أَزَلْتُهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَجْرَى فَقَالَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ وَمُوَسَّعٌ لَكَ.
8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from certain persons of our people who have said the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘I have made a piece of land an endowment for my children, for al-Hajj and for the ways and aspects of virtuous matters. There is your right after me and for the one after you and I have moved it from that course.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is lawful for you and you have the permission to do so.’” (It perhaps refers to the case before handing it over to endowment.)
9- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَسْأَلُهُ فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِبَعْضِ ثُلُثِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِهِ مِنْ غَلَّةِ ضَيْعَةٍ لَهُ إِلَى وَصِيِّهِ يَضَعُ نِصْفَهُ فِي مَوَاضِعَ سَمَّاهَا لَهُ مَعْلُومَةٍ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ وَالْبَاقِي مِنَ الثُّلُثِ يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِمَا شَاءَ وَرَأَى الْوَصِيُّ فَأَنْفَذَ الْوَصِيُّ مَا أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمُسَمَّى الْمَعْلُومِ وَقَالَ فِي الْبَاقِي قَدْ صَيَّرْتُ لِفُلانٍ كَذَا وَلِفُلانٍ كَذَا وَلِفُلانٍ كَذَا فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ وَفِي الْحَجِّ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَفِي الصَّدَقَةِ كَذَا فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ فِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ قَدْ شِئْتُ الأوَّلَ وَرَأَيْتُ خِلافَ مَشِيَّتِيَ الأولَى وَرَأْيِي أَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا وَيُصَيِّرَ مَا صَيَّرَ لِغَيْرِهِمْ أَوْ يَنْقُصَهُمْ أَوْ يُدْخِلَ مَعَهُمْ غَيْرَهُمْ إِنْ أَرَادَ ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ مَا شَاءَ إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ كَتَبَ كِتَاباً عَلَى نَفْسِهِ.
9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd m Ja‘far ibn ‘Isa who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who made a will about a part of the one-third of his legacy after his death from the income of a certain asset that belonged to him. He instructed the executor of his will to spend half of it for the causes he mentioned every year and with the rest of the one-third he can do whatever he wanted. The executor of the will executed what the deceased wanted about the known causes. About the remaining he said that he has given it to so and so and so and so every year, for al-Hajj such and such amount, and for charity such and such amount every year. He then decided to change all of such causes. He said that he has decided to spend for causes other than those he wanted before; if he can do such changes and alterations of such nature reducing and including other causes if he wanted. He (the Imam) wrote the answer that said, ‘He can do whatever he wants except if he has written upon himself for doing certain things.’”
10- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ [بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ] بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمَذَانِيِّ قَالَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى هَلْ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ شَيْئاً مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ إِذَا بِيعَ فِيمَنْ زَادَ فَيَزِيدَ وَيَأْخُذَ لِنَفْسِهِ فَقَالَ يَجُوزُ إِذَا اشْتَرَى صَحِيحاً.
10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan [ibn Ibrahim] ibn Muhammad al-Hamadaniy who has narrated the following: “Once, Muhammad ibn Yahya wrote (to the Imam), ‘Is it lawful for an executor of the will to buy something from the assets of the deceased as the highest bidder? He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible if he buys it in an undamaged condition.’”
11- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ صَاحِبِ الْعَسْكَرِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ نُؤْتَى بِالشَّيْءِ فَيُقَالُ هَذَا مَا كَانَ لأبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عِنْدَنَا فَكَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ مَا كَانَ لأبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) بِسَبَبِ الإمَامَةِ فَهُوَ لِي وَمَا كَانَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ مِيرَاثٌ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه).
11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from abu Ali ibn Rashid who has narrated the following: “I once said to Sahib al- ‘Askar, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, something is brought to us and it is said “This is what was for abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam.” How must we deal with it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Whatever was for abu Ja‘far because of Imamat (leadership with divine authority), it belongs to me, and whatever is because of other reasons, it then is legacy according to the book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.’”
12- عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَجَعَلَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ لَهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ لَكَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَصَابَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَلَداً وَمَبْلَغُ مَالِهِ ثَلاثَةُ آلافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَقَدْ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ جَعَلَنِيَ اللهُ فِدَاكَ أَنْ تُعْلِمَنِي فِيهِ رَأْيَكَ لأعْمَلَ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ أَطْلِقْ لَهُمْ.
12. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from al-Husayn ibn Malik who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘A man has died who in his lifetime had made everything that he had for you and he did not have any children, thereafter a child was born to him and his assets are three thousand dirham. He has sent to you one thousand dirham. I like to know your decision in the matter so I can follow.’ He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, wrote the answer that said, ‘I leave it for them.’”
13- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) اعْلَمْ يَا سَيِّدِي أَنَّ ابْنَ أَخٍ لِي تُوُفِّيَ فَأَوْصَى لِسَيِّدِي بِضَيْعَةٍ وَأَوْصَى أَنْ يُدْفَعَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي دَارِهِ حَتَّى الأوْتَادُ تُبَاعُ وَيُجْعَلُ الثَّمَنُ إِلَى سَيِّدِي وَأَوْصَى بِحَجٍّ وَأَوْصَى لِلْفُقَرَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَأَوْصَى لِعَمَّتِهِ وَأُخْتِهِ بِمَالٍ فَنَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَلَعَلَّهُ يُقَارِبُ النِّصْفَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَخَلَّفَ ابْناً لَهُ ثَلاثُ سِنِينَ وَتَرَكَ دَيْناً فَرَأْيُ سَيِّدِي فَوَقَّعَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يُقْتَصَرُ مِنْ وَصِيَّتِهِ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَيُقْسَمُ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ مَنْ أَوْصَى لَهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ سِهَامِهِمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ.
13. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far from al-Husayn ibn Malik who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ’My master, I inform you that the son of my brother has died and has made a will about a certain piece of property for you. He in his will has said that everything in his house must be given, even the pegs must be sold and the price sent to my master. He has made a will for al-Hajj. He has made a will for the poor of his family, for his aunt, for his sister to receive a certain amount of property and I have considered it to be more than one-third, perhaps about one-half of his legacy, and he has left behind a son who is three years old. He has left debts to pay. I want to know your opinion, my master, in the matter.’ He (the Imam) signed the answer that said, ‘His will must be limited within one-third of his legacy and it will be divided among the beneficiaries proportionate to each one’s share.’”
14- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَوْصَى إِلَى ابْنِهِ وَأَخَوَيْنِ شَهِدَ الابْنُ وَصِيَّتَهُ وَغَابَ الأخَوَانِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ أَيَّامٍ أَبَيَا أَنْ يَقْبَلا الْوَصِيَّةَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَتَوَثَّبَ عَلَيْهِمَا ابْنُهُ وَلَمْ يَقْدِرَا أَنْ يَعْمَلا بِمَا يَنْبَغِي فَضَمِنَ لَهُمَا ابْنُ عَمٍّ لَهُمَا وَهُوَ مُطَاعٌ فِيهِمْ أَنْ يَكْفِيَهُمَا ابْنَهُ فَدَخَلا بِهَذَا الشَّرْطِ فَلَمْ يَكْفِهِمَا ابْنَهُ وَقَدِ اشْتَرَطَا عَلَيْهِ ابْنَهُ وَقَالا نَحْنُ نَبْرَأُ مِنَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَنَحْنُ فِي حِلٍّ مِنْ تَرْكِ جَمِيعِ الأشْيَاءِ وَالْخُرُوجِ مِنْهُ أَيَسْتَقِيمُ أَنْ يُخَلِّيَا عَمَّا فِي أَيْدِيهِمَا وَيَخْرُجَا مِنْهُ قَالَ هُوَ لازِمٌ لَكَ فَارْفُقْ عَلَى أَيِّ الْوُجُوهِ كَانَ فَإِنَّكَ مَأْجُورٌ لَعَلَّ ذَلِكَ يَحُلُّ بِابْنِهِ.
14. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Sa‘d ibn ’Isma‘il from his father who has narrated the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who at the time of his death made a will to his son and two brothers. The son was present at the time of his making the will but not the brothers. After several days they refused to accept acting as executors of the will for fear from the son and that, they may not be able to work, as they should. A son of an uncle guaranteed their safety when working with the son and with such condition they began the work but the son did not cooperate and they said that they are not responsible for the will. They want to leave it alone and must not be held obligated for anything. Is it permissible for them to leave whatever is in their hand and move out of the task? He (the Imam) said, ‘It is necessary for you to be kind in whatever way you can because you will receive the reward. Perhaps that is to arrive on his son.’”
15- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ وَصِيِّ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ السَّرِيِّ تُوُفِّيَ فَأَوْصَى إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قُلْتُ وَإِنَّ ابْنَهُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ وَقَعَ عَلَى أُمِّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُخْرِجَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي أَخْرِجْهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقاً فَسَيُصِيبُهُ خَبَلٌ قَالَ فَرَجَعْتُ فَقَدَّمَنِي إِلَى أَبِي يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ أَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ وَهَذَا وَصِيُّ أَبِي فَمُرْهُ فَلْيَدْفَعْ إِلَيَّ مِيرَاثِي مِنْ أَبِي فَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي لِي مَا تَقُولُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ نَعَمْ هَذَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ وَأَنَا وَصِيُّ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ قَالَ فَادْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ مَالَهُ فَقُلْتُ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُكَلِّمَكَ قَالَ فَادْنُ إِلَيَّ فَدَنَوْتُ حَيْثُ لا يَسْمَعُ أَحَدٌ كَلامِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُ هَذَا وَقَعَ عَلَى أُمِّ وَلَدٍ لأبِيهِ فَأَمَرَنِي أَبُوهُ وَأَوْصَى إِلَيَّ أَنْ أُخْرِجَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ وَلا أُوَرِّثَهُ شَيْئاً فَأَتَيْتُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ وَسَأَلْتُهُ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُخْرِجَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ وَلا أُوَرِّثَهُ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ اللهَ إِنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَمَرَكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَاسْتَحْلَفَنِي ثَلاثاً ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي أَنْفِذْ مَا أَمَرَكَ بِهِ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهُ قَالَ الْوَصِيُّ فَأَصَابَهُ الْخَبَلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَقَدْ أَصَابَهُ الْخَبَلُ.
15. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Ash‘ariy from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ Ahmad Muhammad ibn Yahya from Wasiy of Ali ibn al-Sariy who has narrated the following: “I once said to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that Ali ibn al-Sariy has died and has made a will to me. He (the Imam) said, ‘May Allah grant him mercy.’ I then said that his son, Ja‘far ibn Ali, has fallen on a mother of his child. He has instructed me not to allow him receive anything from the legacy. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘Do not give him anything from the legacy. If what you say is true, he will soon be affected by confusion.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I returned and he took me before abu Yusuf, the judge and said to him, “May Allah keep you well, I am Ja‘far son of Ali ibn al-Sariy and this is the executor of the will of my father. Please command him to give to me legacy of my father.” Abu Yusuf, the judge said to me, “What do you say?” I said to him, “Yes, this is Ja‘far ibn Ali al-Sariy and I am the executor of the will of Ali ibn al-Sariy.” He said, “Give him his inheritance.” I said, “I like to speak to you.” He said, “Come close.” I went close to him so that no one could hear my words and said to him, “This has fallen on the mother of the child of his father. His father made a will not to give him anything from the legacy. I asked Musa ibn abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, in al-Madinah, informed him about it and asked him. He (the Imam) instructed me not to allow him to receive any inheritance.” He said, “Allah, abu al-Hassan, has commanded you?” He (the narrator) has said that I said, “Yes, he (the Imam) has commanded me to do so.” He (the judge) made me to swear three times then he said, “Execute what abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has commanded to do because the word is his words.”’ The executor of the will has said, ‘He became confused thereafter.’ Abu Muhammad al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ has said, ‘I saw him afterward and he had become confused.’”
16- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ الطَّوِيلِ قَالَ دَعَانِي أَبِي حِينَ حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ فَقَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ اقْبِضْ مَالَ إِخْوَتِكَ الصِّغَارِ فَاعْمَلْ بِهِ وَخُذْ نِصْفَ الرِّبْحِ وَأَعْطِهِمُ النِّصْفَ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ ضَمَانٌ فَقَدَّمَتْنِي أُمُّ وَلَدٍ لأبِي بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ أَبِي إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَالَتْ لَهُ إِنَّ هَذَا يَأْكُلُ أَمْوَالَ وَلَدِي قَالَ فَقَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ أَبِي فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى إِنْ كَانَ أَبُوكَ أَمَرَكَ بِالْبَاطِلِ لَمْ أُجِزْهُ ثُمَّ أَشْهَدَ عَلَيَّ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى إِنْ أَنَا حَرَّكْتُهُ فَأَنَا لَهُ ضَامِنٌ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) بَعْدُ فَقَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ قِصَّتِي ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَرَى فَقَالَ أَمَّا قَوْلُ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَلا أَسْتَطِيعُ رَدَّهُ وَأَمَّا فِيمَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ ضَمَانٌ.
16. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj from Khalid ibn Bukayr al- Tawil who has narrated the following: “My father called me at the time of his death and said, ‘Son, take the assets of your small brothers and use them in business. Take half of the profit and give them the other half and you will not be held responsible.’ A mother of the child of my father took me, after the death of my father, before ibn abu Layla’ and said to him, ‘This person eats the property of my children.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I then told my story that my father had commanded me to do.’ Ibn abu Layla’ said, ‘If your father commanded you to do what is unlawful, I cannot allow it.’ Ibn abu Layla’ appointed a witness (to bear testimony) that if I moved it I will be held responsible. I then visited abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, later and told my story, then asked about his opinion. He (the Imam) said, ‘I cannot reject the words of ibn abu Layla’, however, between you and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, you are not responsible.’”
17- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ أَبِي حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ أَوْصِ فَقَالَ هَذَا ابْنِي يَعْنِي عُمَرَ فَمَا صَنَعَ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَقَدْ أَوْصَى أَبُوكَ وَأَوْجَزَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَ لَكَ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ أَجْرِهِ قُلْتُ وَأَوْصَى بِنَسَمَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ عَارِفَةٍ فَلَمَّا أَعْتَقْنَاهُ بَانَ لَنَا أَنَّهُ لِغَيْرِ رِشْدَةٍ فَقَالَ قَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى أُضْحِيَّةً عَلَى أَنَّهَا سَمِينَةٌ فَوَجَدَهَا مَهْزُولَةً فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ.
17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Ammar ibn Marwan who has narrated the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘My father was about to die and he was told to make a will.’ He said, ‘This is my son, meaning, ‘Umar. Whatever he does is permissible.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said to him, ‘Your father has made a will and has made it concise.’ I said, ‘He has designated for you such and such amount.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You can execute it.’ I then said that he made a will to free a believing well-informed slave but when we freed it was found out that the slave was born out of wedlock.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is sufficient. It is like one who buys an animal for sacrificial offering thinking that it is healthy, but finds it out to be skinnier but it is sufficient to meet the legal requirement.’”
18- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ أَوْصَى وَلَمْ يَحِفْ وَلَمْ يُضَارَّ كَانَ كَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ.
18. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one makes a will without being unjust and harming anyone it is like giving it as charity in his lifetime.”
19- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ مُثَنَّى بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى إِلَى رَجُلٍ بِوُلْدِهِ وَبِمَالٍ لَهُمْ وَأَذِنَ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْوَصِيَّةِ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِالْمَالِ وَأَنْ يَكُونَ الرِّبْحُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قَدْ أَذِنَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ حَيٌّ.
19. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Yusuf from Muthanna’ ibn al-Walid from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about the case of a man who made a will about certain assets for his son and gave him permission at the time of his death to use the assets in business and share the profit. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful because his father gave permission when he was living.’”
20- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَشْيَمَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي عَبْدٍ لِقَوْمٍ مَأْذُونٍ لَهُ فِي التِّجَارَةِ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ اشْتَرِ مِنْهَا نَسَمَةً وَأَعْتِقْهَا عَنِّي وَحُجَّ عَنِّي بِالْبَاقِي ثُمَّ مَاتَ صَاحِبُ الألْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَانْطَلَقَ الْعَبْدُ فَاشْتَرَى أَبَاهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ وَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْبَاقِيَ فِي الْحَجِّ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ فَحَجَّ عَنْهُ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَوَالِيَ أَبِيهِ وَمَوَالِيَهُ وَوَرَثَةَ الْمَيِّتِ فَاخْتَصَمُوا جَمِيعاً فِي الألْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ مَوَالِي الْمُعْتَقِ إِنَّمَا اشْتَرَيْتَ أَبَاكَ بِمَالِنَا وَقَالَ الْوَرَثَةُ اشْتَرَيْتَ أَبَاكَ بِمَالِنَا وَقَالَ مَوَالِي الْعَبْدِ إِنَّمَا اشْتَرَيْتَ أَبَاكَ بِمَالِنَا فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَمَّا الْحَجَّةُ فَقَدْ مَضَتْ بِمَا فِيهَا لا تُرَدُّ وَأَمَّا الْمُعْتَقُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ فِي الرِّقِّ لِمَوَالِي أَبِيهِ وَأَيُّ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ اشْتَرَى أَبَاهُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ كَانَ لَهُمْ رِقّاً.
20. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Salih ibn Razin from ibn ‘Ushaym who has narrated the following: “This is about the case of a people’s slave who has permission for doing business. A man gives him one thousand dirham to buy a slave and set him free on his behalf, perform al-Hajj on his behalf with the remainder of the asset. The owner of one thousand dirham dies and the slave buys his father, sets him free on behalf of the deceased, and gives the remaining asset to him to perform al-Hajj for the deceased, which he performs for him. However, then the masters of his father, his own masters and the heirs of the deceased learn about it who all dispute about the one thousand dirham, for which the masters of slave say, ‘You have bought your father with our funds.’ The masters of his father says, ‘You have bought your father with our funds.’ The heirs of the deceased say, ‘You have bought your father with our funds.’ Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Al-Hajj is completed and it does not return, but the freed slave goes back to slavery of the masters of his father and whichever of the two group presents testimony that the slave has bought his father with their funds, he becomes their slave.’”
21- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ أَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فِي مَالِهِ ثُلُثٍ أَوْ رُبُعٍ فَقُتِلَ الرَّجُلُ خَطَأً يَعْنِي الْمُوصِيَ فَقَالَ يُحَازُ لِهَذِهِ الْوَصِيَّةِ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ وَمِنْ دِيَتِهِ.
21. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Najran and others from “Asem ibn Humayd from Muhammad ibn Qays who has narrated the following: “I once said to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that a man made a will to another man about his assets, one-third or one-fourth of his legacy, and then the testator is killed mistakenly. He (the Imam) said, ‘Funds must be kept aside for this will from his legacy and the wergild.’”
22- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ مَاتَتْ أُخْتُ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ فَأَوْصَتْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ مَالِهَا الثُّلُثِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَالثُّلُثِ فِي الْمَسَاكِينِ وَالثُّلُثِ فِي الْحَجِّ فَإِذَا هُوَ لا يَبْلُغُ مَا قَالَتْ فَذَهَبْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ اجْعَلْ ثُلُثاً فِي ذَا وَثُلُثاً فِي ذَا وَثُلُثاً فِي ذَا فَأَتَيْنَا ابْنَ شُبْرُمَةَ فَقَالَ أَيْضاً كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَأَتَيْنَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ كَمَا قَالا فَخَرَجْنَا إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَقَالَ لِي سَلْ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ حَجَّتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَقَالَ لِيَ ابْدَأْ بِالْحَجِّ فَإِنَّهُ فَرِيضَةٌ مِنَ اللهِ عَلَيْهَا وَمَا بَقِيَ فَاجْعَلْ بَعْضاً فِي ذَا وَبَعْضاً فِي ذَا قَالَ فَتَقَدَّمْتُ فَدَخَلْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَاسْتَقْبَلْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَقُلْتُ لَهُ سَأَلْتُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الَّذِي سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لِيَ ابْدَأْ بِحَقِّ اللهِ أَوَّلا فَإِنَّهُ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَيْهَا وَمَا بَقِيَ فَاجْعَلْهُ بَعْضاً فِي ذَا وَبَعْضاً فِي ذَا فَوَ اللهِ مَا قَالَ لِي خَيْراً وَلا شَرّاً وَجِئْتُ إِلَى حَلْقَتِهِ وَقَدْ طَرَحُوهَا وَقَالُوا قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ابْدَأْ بِالْحَجِّ فَإِنَّهُ فَرِيضَةٌ مِنَ اللهِ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ هُوَ بِاللهِ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالُوا هُوَ أَخْبَرَنَا هَذَا.
22. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Yahya who has said that narrated to him Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar the following: “Mufaddal ibn Ghiyath’s sister died and she had made a will that said, ‘One-third must be given in the way of Allah, one-third to the destitute and one-third for al-Hajj.’ It was not enough for what she had asked. He and I went to ibn abu Layla’ and told him the story. He said, ‘Give one-third to this, one- third to this and one-third to this.’ Then we went to ibn Shubramah. He also said what ibn abu Layla’ had said. We then went to abu Hanifah who also said what the other two had said. We then left for Makkah and he asked me to ask abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about it - she had not performed al- Hajj. I asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘Begin with al-Hajj because it is obligatory from Allah on her, and of the remaining, give something to this and something to that.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I moved toward the Masjid and I came face to face with abu Hanifah. I said to him, ‘I asked Ja‘far ibn Muhammad about the issue that I had asked you before and he said, “Begin with al-Hajj because it is obligatory on her from Allah and of the remaining give something to this and something to that.’” He, by Allah, did not say anything to me good or bad. I then went to his circle where this issue was being discussed, and they said, ‘Abu Hanifah says that in such case you must begin with al-Hajj because it is obligatory on her from Allah.’ I then said to them, ‘By Allah this issue was so and so.’ They said, ‘He has told us this.’”
23- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الأحْوَصِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسَافِرٍ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَدَفَعَ مَالَهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ التُّجَّارِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ لِفُلانِ بْنِ فُلانٍ لَيْسَ لِي فِيهِ قَلِيلٌ وَلا كَثِيرٌ فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ فَمَاتَ وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْ صَاحِبَهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَهُ بِأَمْرٍ وَلا يَدْرِي صَاحِبُهُ مَا الَّذِي حَمَلَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْمُرُهُ.
23. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Sa‘d ibn ’Isma‘ii ibn ai-Ahwas from his father who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man whose death approaches him on a journey. He gives his assets to a man of the merchants saying, ‘This asset belongs to so and so son of so and so. Nothing of it, little or more, belongs to me. You must give it to him, he will place it as he wants’; and he dies, but his friend to whom he has sent the asset does not know anything, there is no instruction and the friend does not know why he has done so. How must he deal with it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He can spend it as he likes when he has not received any instructions.’”
24- وَعَنْهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى إِلَى رَجُلٍ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ قَرَابَتَهُ مِنْ ضَيْعَتِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا جَرِيباً مِنْ طَعَامٍ فَمَرَّتْ عَلَيْهِ سِنُونَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي ضَيْعَتِهِ فَضْلٌ بَلِ احْتَاجَ إِلَى السَّلَفِ وَالْعِينَةِ عَلَى مَنْ أَوْصَى لَهُ مِنَ السَّلَفِ وَالْعِينَةِ أَمْ لا فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يُجْرِ عَلَيْهِمْ لِمَا فَاتَهُمْ مِنَ السِّنِينَ الْمَاضِيَةِ فَقَالَ كَأَنِّي لا أُبَالِي إِنْ أَعْطَاهُمْ أَوْ أَخَذَ ثُمَّ يَقْضِي.
24. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith who has narrated the following: “A man made a will to another man to give his relatives from his asset (land) such and such Jarib (a certain unit of measurement) of food. Many years passed but there was no extra in his asset; instead he needed to borrow and arrange for al-‘Aynah on the beneficiary of the will. Is it necessary to arrange a loan and al- ‘Aynah for the beneficiary so that when in future there is a gain it is compensated for what he borrowed for them during the past years? He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not mind if he gives them or takes then pays off.’” (al-‘ Aynah: merchandise sold on credit is purchased back for cash at a lower price called ( ‘Aynah), see details in Volume Five, Chapter 88)
25- وَعَنْهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِوَصَايَا لِقَرَابَاتِهِ وَأَدْرَكَ الْوَارِثُ فَقَالَ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يَعْزِلَ أَرْضاً بِقَدْرِ مَا يُخْرِجُ مِنْهُ وَصَايَاهُ إِذَا قَسَمَ الْوَرَثَةُ وَلا يُدْخِلَ هَذِهِ الأرْضَ فِي قِسْمَتِهِمْ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ كَذَا يَنْبَغِي.
25. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith who has narrated the following: “A man has made a will which requires giving a certain amount to his relative. The heir becomes mature and tells the executor of the will to separate from the land an area that can meet the required amount by the will and that portion must not be included in what the heirs distribute among themselves. How must the executor of the will do?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, that (suggestion of the heirs) is proper.’”
26- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ الْمُهْتَدِي عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنٌ يَدَّعِيهِ فَنَفَاهُ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ وَأَنَا وَصِيُّهُ فَكَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ يَعْنِي الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لَزِمَهُ الْوَلَدُ بِإِقْرَارِهِ بِالْمَشْهَدِ لا يَدْفَعُهُ الْوَصِيُّ عَنْ شَيْءٍ قَدْ عَلِمَهُ.
26. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ‘Abd al-’Aziz ibn al-Muhtadiy [from his grandfather] from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan from Sa‘d ibn Sa‘d who has narrated the following: “I once asked him [abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam ] about the case of a man who has a son, whom he called his son then denied and removed him from the list of his heirs, and I am the executor of the will. What must I do? He, al-Rida’ ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘He is considered his son because of his confession in public. The executor of the will cannot remove him from anything that he knows.’”
27- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدِي دَنَانِيرُ وَكَانَ مَرِيضاً فَقَالَ لِي إِنْ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَأَعْطِ فُلاناً عِشْرِينَ دِينَاراً وَأَعْطِ أَخِي بَقِيَّةَ الدَّنَانِيرِ فَمَاتَ وَلَمْ أَشْهَدْ مَوْتَهُ فَأَتَانِي رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ صَادِقٌ فَقَالَ لِي إِنَّهُ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقُولَ لَكَ انْظُرِ الدَّنَانِيرَ الَّتِي أَمَرْتُكَ أَنْ تَدْفَعَهَا إِلَى أَخِي فَتَصَدَّقْ مِنْهَا بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ اقْسِمْهَا فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَخُوهُ أَنَّ لَهُ عِنْدِي شَيْئاً فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ تَصَدَّقَ مِنْهَا بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ كَمَا قَالَ.
27. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has a certain amount of dinars with me and he is ill. He said to me that if something happens to him I must then give twenty dinar to so and so and the remaining to his brother. He died and I was not present at the time of his death. A truthful Muslim came to me saying that he is commanded to tell me to keep the dinars that were to be given to his brother, instead gives ten dinars out of it in charity to the Muslims, but his brother did not know that he has left something with me. He (the Imam) said, ‘I see that you must give ten dinars in charity as you are commanded to do.’”
28- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ غَارِماً فَهَلَكَ فَأُخِذَ بَعْضُ وُلْدِهِ بِمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ فَغُرِّمُوا غُرْماً عَنْ أَبِيهِمْ فَانْطَلَقُوا إِلَى دَارِهِ فَابْتَاعُوهَا وَمَعَهُمْ وَرَثَةٌ غَيْرُهُمْ نِسَاءٌ وَرِجَالٌ لَمْ يُطْلِقُوا الْبَيْعَ وَلَمْ يَسْتَأْمِرُوهُمْ فِيهِ فَهَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ إِنَّمَا أَصَابَ الدَّارَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا غُرِّمُوا فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَمَلِ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعاً.
28. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who was indebted and he died. Certain ones of his sons took charge of what he did (business) and they suffered losses. They bought his house, which was of the legacy shared by other heirs, male and female who did not approve the sale and had not asked them to do the work, if they owe anything of the loss. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the house was because of his work and they suffered loss because of that work it is then upon all of the heirs.’”
29- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِهْزَمٍ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ الْعَابِدِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَوْصِنِي فَقَالَ أَعِدَّ جَهَازَكَ وَقَدِّمْ زَادَكَ وَكُنْ وَصِيَّ نَفْسِكَ وَلا تَقُلْ لِغَيْرِكَ يَبْعَثُ إِلَيْكَ بِمَا يُصْلِحُكَ.
29. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ibrahim ibn Mehzam from ‘Anbasah al-‘Abid who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, to give me an advice. He (the Imam) said, ‘Prepare your supplies, send them ahead of you, be the executor of your own will and do not say to others to send for you what is good for your well-being. 5 ”
30- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أُعْلِمُهُ أَنَّ إِسْحَاقَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَقَفَ ضَيْعَةً عَلَى الْحَجِّ وَأُمِّ وَلَدِهِ وَمَا فَضَلَ عَنْهَا لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَشْهَدَنِي عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِمَالٍ لِيُفَرَّقَ عَلَى إِخْوَانِنَا وَأَنَّ فِي بَنِي هَاشِمٍ مَنْ يُعْرَفُ حَقُّهُ يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِنَا مِمَّنْ هُوَ مُحْتَاجٌ فَتَرَى أَنْ أَصْرِفَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِمْ إِذَا كَانَ سَبِيلُهُ سَبِيلَ الصَّدَقَةِ لأنَّ وَقْفَ إِسْحَاقَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ صَدَقَةٌ فَكَتَبَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَهِمْتُ يَرْحَمُكَ اللهُ مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ وَصِيَّةِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَمَا أَشْهَدَ لَكَ بِذَلِكَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَمَا اسْتَأْمَرْتَ فِيهِ مِنْ إِيصَالِكَ بَعْضَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مَنْ لَهُ مَيْلٌ وَمَوَدَّةٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ مِمَّنْ هُوَ مُسْتَحِقٌّ فَقِيرٌ فَأَوْصِلْ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِمْ يَرْحَمُكَ اللهُ فَهُمْ إِذَا صَارُوا إِلَى هَذِهِ الْخُطَّةِ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ لِمَعْنًى لَوْ فَسَّرْتُهُ لَكَ لَعَلِمْتَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ.
30. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has narrated the following: “I wrote to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, to inform him (the Imam) that Ishaq ibn Ibrahim has endowed his asset for al-Hajj, the mother of his children and the extra for the needy; that Muhammad ibn Ibrahim appointed me as a witness upon himself for a certain amount of funds to be distributed among our brothers (in belief) and in banu Hashim who know the truth and say what we say who are needy. Will you consider it proper if I spend it on them when it is of the same nature as charity because endowment of Ishaq is charity? He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, wrote as follows. ‘I understood what you, may Allah grant you blessings, have mentioned about the will of Ishaq. May Allah be pleased with him, and that Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, may Allah be pleased with him, has appointed you as witness for you. You have asked for instruction about sending certain amount of funds to those who incline with interest for banu Hashim who deserve and are needy. You can send to them. May Allah grant you blessings, because if they turn to this direction they are more deserving than others because of the reason that if I explain, you will understand it by the will of Allah.’”
3- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالا وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْكَ لِيَكُونَ ذُخْراً لابْنَتَيَّ فُلانَةَ وَفُلانَةَ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِلشَّيْخِ بَعْدَ مَا دَفَعَ الْمَالَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةً وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةَ دِينَارٍ فَاشْتَرَى بِهَا جَارِيَةً لابْنِ ابْنِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الشَّيْخَ هَلَكَ فَوَقَعَ بَيْنَ الْجَارِيَتَيْنِ وَبَيْنَ الْغُلامِ أَوْ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَقَالَتَا لَهُ وَيْحَكَ وَاللهِ إِنَّكَ لَتَنْكِحُ جَارِيَتَكَ حَرَاماً إِنَّمَا اشْتَرَاهَا أَبُونَا لَكَ مِنْ مَالِنَا الَّذِي دَفَعَهُ إِلَى فُلانٍ فَاشْتَرَى لَكَ مِنْهُ هَذِهِ الْجَارِيَةَ فَأَنْتَ تَنْكِحُهَا حَرَاماً لا تَحِلُّ لَكَ فَأَمْسَكَ الْفَتَى عَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي دَفَعَ الْمَالَ أَبَا الْجَارِيَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَدُّ الْغُلامِ وَهُوَ اشْتَرَى لَهُ الْجَارِيَةَ قُلْتُ بَلَى فَقَالَ فَقُلْ لَهُ فَلْيَأْتِ جَارِيَتَهُ إِذَا كَانَ الْجَدُّ هُوَ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ.
31. Abu Ali al-Ash ‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Sa‘id ibn Yasar who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who has given a certain amount of assets to another man saying, ‘I give it to you to save it for my two daughters so and so and so and so.’ The old man later after giving the funds decided to take one hundred twenty-five dinar back to buy a slave-girl for his grandson. The old man then died; and dispute emerged between the two girls or one of them with the boy. They said, ‘If you go to bed with the slave-girl, it is unlawful because our father had bought with our funds that were kept with so and so; if you go to bed with her it is unlawful.’ The boy stayed away from the slave-girl. What is your opinion about this issue?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Is it not the case that the person who gave the asset is the father of the two girls and the boy’s grandfather who bought the slave-girl?’ I replied, ‘Yes, that is the case.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Say to the boy to go to his slave-girl if his grandfather is the one who has given and he is the one who has received.’”
1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الأشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ بِغَيْرِ وَصِيَّةٍ وَتَرَكَ أَوْلاداً ذُكْرَاناً [وَإِنَاثاً] وَغِلْمَاناً صِغَاراً وَتَرَكَ جَوَارِيَ وَمَمَالِيكَ هَلْ يَسْتَقِيمُ أَنْ تُبَاعَ الْجَوَارِي قَالَ نَعَمْ وَعَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَصْحَبُ الرَّجُلَ فِي سَفَرِهِ فَيَحْدُثُ بِهِ حَدَثُ الْمَوْتِ وَلا يُدْرِكُ الْوَصِيَّةَ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِمَتَاعِهِ وَلَهُ أَوْلادٌ صِغَارٌ وَكِبَارٌ أَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ مَتَاعَهُ وَدَوَابَّهُ إِلَى وُلْدِهِ الْكِبَارِ أَوْ إِلَى الْقَاضِي فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي بَلْدَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا قَاضٍ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ وَإِنْ كَانَ دَفَعَ الْمَالَ إِلَى وُلْدِهِ الأكَابِرِ وَلَمْ يُعْلِمْ بِهِ فَذَهَبَ وَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى رَدِّهِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ إِذَا أَدْرَكَ الصِّغَارُ وَطَلَبُوا فَلَمْ يَجِدْ بُدّاً مِنْ إِخْرَاجِهِ إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ بِأَمْرِ السُّلْطَانِ وَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ بِغَيْرِ وَصِيَّةٍ وَلَهُ وَرَثَةٌ صِغَارٌ وَكِبَارٌ أَيَحِلُّ شِرَاءُ خَدَمِهِ وَمَتَاعِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى الْقَاضِي بَيْعَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ تَوَلاهُ قَاضٍ قَدْ تَرَاضَوْا بِهِ وَلَمْ يَسْتَأْمِرْهُ الْخَلِيفَةُ أَيَطِيبُ الشِّرَاءُ مِنْهُ أَمْ لا فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ الأكَابِرُ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ مَعَهُ فِي الْبَيْعِ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا رَضِيَ الْوَرَثَةُ بِالْبَيْعِ وَقَامَ عَدْلٌ فِي ذَلِكَ.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya and others have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ’Isma‘il ibn Sa‘d al-Ash‘ariy who has narrated the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies without a will and leaves behind heirs of male and female, small boys and slave-girls and slaves if it is proper to sell the slave- girls. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is so.’ “I asked him (the Imam) about a man who accompanies a man on a journey, then the incident of death over takes him and he does not get a chance to make a will and how to deal with his assets. He has small and adult children, if it is permissible to give his assets and stumper to his grown-up children or to a judge. If he is in a place where there is no judge what must he do. If he gives his assets to his adult children but did not inform them and when he went, he could not return it what must he do? He (the Imam) said, ‘When the small children grow up and cannot get their assets back in any way but by the command of Sultan (they can do so). “I asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who dies without a will and leaves behind heirs who are small ones as well as adults if it is lawful to buy his servants and goods without the supervision of the judge. The judge supervises with the consent of the parties involved, but without the instruction from the Khalifah, if buying is good or not. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the adults of his children are with him (judge) during the sale, then it is not harmful if the heirs agree to the sale and justice is maintained in it.’”
2- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ أَوْلاداً صِغَاراً وَتَرَكَ مَمَالِيكَ لَهُ غِلْمَانٌ وَجَوَارِي وَلَمْ يُوصِ فَمَا تَرَى فِيمَنْ يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُمُ الْجَارِيَةَ يَتَّخِذُهَا أُمَّ وَلَدٍ وَمَا تَرَى فِي بَيْعِهِمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُمْ وَلِيٌّ يَقُومُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ بَاعَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَنَظَرَ لَهُمْ كَانَ مَأْجُوراً فِيهِمْ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَرَى فِيمَنْ يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُمُ الْجَارِيَةَ فَيَتَّخِذُهَا أُمَّ وَلَدٍ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا أَنْفَذَ ذَلِكَ الْقَيِّمُ لَهُمُ النَّاظِرُ فِيمَا يُصْلِحُهُمْ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَرْجِعُوا فِيمَا صَنَعَ الْقَيِّمُ لَهُمُ النَّاظِرُ فِيمَا يُصْلِحُهُمْ.
2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man with whom I have a relation of kinship, he dies leaving behind small children, slaves and slave-girls but has not made any will. ‘What do you say about buying a slave-girl for a mother of one’s child and what do you say about selling them?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If they have a guardian who supervises for them the sale and looks after them, he will receive good rewards.’ I asked, ‘What do you say about one’s buying from them a slave- girl for a mother of one’s child?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful if it is executed by their guardian who looks after their interests and well-being; and they cannot change their mind about what the guardian has done for them who looks after their well-being.’”
3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَلَهُ بَنُونَ وَبَنَاتٌ صِغَارٌ وَكِبَارٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَصِيَّةٍ وَلَهُ خَدَمٌ وَمَمَالِيكُ وَعُقَدٌ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ الْوَرَثَةُ بِقِسْمَةِ ذَلِكَ الْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ إِنْ قَامَ رَجُلٌ ثِقَةٌ قَاسَمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فَلا بَأْسَ.
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Zur’ah from Sama‘ah, who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who without a will dies leaving behind male and female children. He has servants, slaves and assets. How the heirs must deal with the legacy? He (the Imam) said, ‘If a trustworthy man stands up to distribute it among them, it is not harmful.’”
1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا عَنْ وَصِيِّ أَيْتَامٍ تُدْرِكُ أَيْتَامُهُ فَيَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا الَّذِي لَهُمْ فَيَأْبَوْنَ عَلَيْهِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَرُدُّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيُكْرِهُهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Sa‘d ibn ’Isma‘il from his father who has narrated the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the executor of the will under whose supervision the orphans become adults and the executor of the will hands over their assets to them but they refuse to accept. What must he do? He (the Imam) said, ‘They are made to accept their assets.”
2- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى [عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى] عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ انْقِطَاعُ يُتْمِ الْيَتِيمِ بِالاحْتِلامِ وَهُوَ أَشُدُّهُ وَإِنِ احْتَلَمَ وَلَمْ يُؤْنَسْ مِنْهُ رُشْدٌ وَكَانَ سَفِيهاً أَوْ ضَعِيفاً فَلْيُمْسِكْ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ مَالَهُ.
2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa has narrated from [Muhammad ibn ‘Isa] from Mansur from Hisham who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The orphan-hood of an orphan is over when he experiences wet-dream, and that is the time when he reaches manhood but if he experiences wet- dream and does not have proper understanding because of dimwittedness or weakness, then his guardian must keep his assets for him.’”
3- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ مُثَنَّى بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ يَتِيمٍ قَدْ قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ وَلَيْسَ بِعَقْلِهِ بَأْسٌ وَلَهُ مَالٌ عَلَى يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ فَأَرَادَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي عِنْدَهُ الْمَالُ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِمَالِ الْيَتِيمِ مُضَارَبَةً فَأَذِنَ لَهُ الْغُلامُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لا يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِهِ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ وَيَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَالَهُ قَالَ وَإِنِ احْتَلَمَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَقْلٌ لَمْ يُدْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ أَبَداً. حُمَيْدٌ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.
3. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Sama‘ah from certain persons of his people from Muthanna’ ibn Rashid from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of an orphan who has read the Quran, his understanding is proper and his assets are in the hands of a man who wants to work using those assets in business in the manner of profit sharing ( al-Mudarabah ) to which the boy has agreed. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not proper to use it in business until he experiences wet-dream, then hands over his assets to him. If he experiences wet-dream and does not have proper understanding, nothing must be given to him forever.’” Humayd has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ja‘far ibn Sama‘ah from Dawud ibn Sarhan from abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, a similar Hadith.
4- عَنْهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ وَالْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ وَصَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عِيصِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْيَتِيمَةِ مَتَى يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهَا مَالُهَا قَالَ إِذَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا لا تُفْسِدُ وَلا تُضَيِّعُ فَسَأَلْتُهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَالَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَدِ انْقَطَعَ مِلْكُ الْوَصِيِّ عَنْهَا.
4. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Ali ibn Ribat and al-Husayn ibn Hashim and from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Is ibn al-Qasim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a female orphan; when her assets must be given to her. He (the Imam) said, ‘When you learn that she does not destroy it or lose it, then you can give it to her.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if she has married?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When she marries then possession (authority) of executor of the will ends.’”
5- عَنْهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لا يُدْخَلُ بِالْجَارِيَةِ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ لَهَا تِسْعُ سِنِينَ أَوْ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ.
5. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from al-Hassan from Safwan from Musa ibn Bakr from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Do not go to bed with a (underage) girl before she becomes nine or ten years old.’”
6- عَنْهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ آدَمَ بَيَّاعِ اللُّؤْلُؤِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا بَلَغَ الْغُلامُ ثَلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً كُتِبَتْ لَهُ الْحَسَنَةُ وَكُتِبَتْ عَلَيْهِ السَّيِّئَةُ وَعُوقِبَ وَإِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَكَذَلِكَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا تَحِيضُ لِتِسْعِ سِنِينَ.
6. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from al-Hassan from Ja‘far ibn Sama‘ah from Adam, Bayya’ al-Lu’lu from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When a boy become thirteen years old his doing good deeds are written for him as well as bad deeds for which he will be punished. When a girl becomes nine years old it also is the same because she experiences Hayd (menses) when she is nine years old.”’
7- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ ثَلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً وَدَخَلَ فِي الأرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا وَجَبَ عَلَى الْمُحْتَلِمِينَ احْتَلَمَ أَوْ لَمْ يَحْتَلِمْ كُتِبَتْ عَلَيْهِ السَّيِّئَاتُ وَكُتِبَتْ لَهُ الْحَسَنَاتُ وَجَازَ لَهُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ ضَعِيفاً أَوْ سَفِيهاً.
7. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Washsha’ from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When a boy becomes strong when he is thirteen years old and has entered in his fourteenth, it becomes obligatory on him what is obligatory on those who experience wet-dream, regardless, he experiences wet-dream or not. Good deeds are written for him and all (lawful) things are permissible for him unless he is weak or dimwitted.’”
8- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ بَيَّاعِ الْهَرَوِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عِيسَى بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ يَثَّغِرُ الصَّبِيُّ لِسَبْعٍ وَيُؤْمَرُ بِالصَّلاةِ لِتِسْعٍ وَيُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ لِعَشْرٍ وَيَحْتَلِمُ لأرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَيَنْتَهِي طُولُهُ لإحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً وَيَنْتَهِي عَقْلُهُ لِثَمَانٍ وَعِشْرِينَ إِلا التَّجَارِبَ.
8. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from abu Muhammad al-Mad’iniy from Ali ibn Habib, Bayya’ al-Harawiy who has said that ‘Isa ibn Zayd narrated to me the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘A child teethes at the seventh year; he must be instructed to perform Salat (prayer) at the ninth; their bed must be separated at the tenth; experiences wet-dream at the fourteenth; his growth stops at twenty-one and growth of his reasoning ability stops at twenty-nine except experience.’”
9- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَأَوْصَى إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَلَهُ ابْنٌ صَغِيرٌ فَأَدْرَكَ الْغُلامُ وَذَهَبَ إِلَى الْوَصِيِّ فَقَالَ لَهُ رُدَّ عَلَيَّ مَالِي لأتَزَوَّجَ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ فَذَهَبَ حَتَّى زَنَى قَالَ يُلْزَمُ ثُلُثَيْ إِثْمِ زِنَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ ذَلِكَ الْوَصِيُّ لأنَّهُ مَنَعَهُ الْمَالَ وَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ فَكَانَ يَتَزَوَّجُ. تَمَّ كِتَابُ الْوَصَايَا وَالْحَمْدُ للهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَصَلَوَاتُهُ عَلَى خَيْرِ خَلْقِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ الطَّاهِرِينَ وَيَتْلُوهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى كِتَابُ الْمَوَارِيثِ.
9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from those who narrated to him who has narrated the following: “This is about the case of a man who dies, with a will to a man, leaving behind a small son who becomes mature. He goes to the executor of the will asking him to handover to him his assets so he can marry. However, the executor of the will refuses and he goes to fornicate. Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Two-thirds of the sins of fornication is upon the executor of the will because of his refusal to handover to him his assets so he can marry.’”
Recueils sunnites : texte du jeu de données ouvert hadith-api. Al-Kafi : texte arabe, traduction de Muhammad Sarwar et authentifications de Thaqalayn.net via l'API Thaqalayn. La numérotation suit ces éditions et peut différer d'une copie imprimée — vérifiez l'arabe dans une édition de confiance avant de vous appuyer sur une référence.
